Every second man and every third woman meet with coronary heart disease and with her hard manifestation - myocardial infarction.
Content
What is infarction
- What is infarction? - Says Cardiologist Saltanat Zhubanova. - The picture is as follows. Myocardium is a heart muscle. Blood flows to the coronary arteries. If any of these arteries is blocking blood clots - a thrombus or an atherosclerotic plaque, then a portion of the heart that it nourishes, remains without blood supply, which means without oxygen. «On a hungry soldering» Myocardial cells can live no more than 20-30 minutes. Then they die, it is a heart attack, a sampler in the heart fabric. On the affected place there is always a scar.
It all starts with atherosclerosis, it is when fats are minimized in large arteries, mainly cholesterol, if it is in excess in the blood. In principle, cholesterol is a necessary thing, cell shells and part of hormones consist of. More than half the body produces itself, the rest comes with food. Excess cholesterol is postponed on the walls of the vessels and forms plaques. If the clearance of vessels is narrowed by more than 50-70 percent, the person does not feel this, but in a moment the heart attacks can happen.
Plaque - the most vulnerable place in the vascular wall. Especially if she «Young» And there has not yet managed to postpone calcium. At the most unexpected moment, the wall of the plaques, which means that the inner shell of the artery of the heart can crack, tangle. For the body, this is alarm. Crack he seeks to heal blood clots. Therefore, on a damaged place immediately begins to turn around. Formation of blood cloth resembles a snowball rolling mountain. If it does not interfere with him, the thrombus grows very quickly until the whole clearance of the arteries. Then the blood flow is stopped, the death of cells begins, and myocardial infarction develops. The larger the artery, which closed the thrombus, the more myocardial cells perish. Recently, myocardial infarction is rapidly «young people». Today he is already striking people, barely overlapping a thirty-year-old threshold.
True, women are younger than 50 years old infarction - a big rarity. Before that turn, their vessels are protected from atherosclerosis estrogen and other sex hormones. However, with the onset of the climax of a woman, on the contrary, they get sick more often. It is also said that the baldness in men is a kind of precursor of heart attack, since one of the factors of the appearance of Lysin is an elevated level of androgens, and in the case of hormonal oscillations, the body responds to a change in the content of hormones by climbing blood pressure and increasing blood cholesterol.
How to learn it
- The first sign, allowing to suspect a heart attack, as a rule, becomes cruel pain for the sternum, that is, in the middle of the chest, - says Saltanat Zheubanova. - Usually at rest: presses, burns, compresses, can give in hand, shoulder, back, jaw, neck. Therefore, if you have at least one of these signs, immediately call «ambulance». The ability to endure in this case - a dangerous enemy. After all, only for the first few hours, introducing special drugs, you can dissolve «fresh» Trombus and restore blood flow in the coronary artery. Then prevent the formation of new thrombov. For this use medicines that slow down blood coagulation. One of the most reliable means is acetylsalicylic acid, that is, the usual aspirin. It reduces the number of complications and prolongs the lives to people who have suffered a heart attack.
Often, beta blockers are used in treatment. These drugs reduce the need of myocardium in oxygen, which means that the cells of the heart muscle are saved from death, reduce the size of the necrosis. At the same time, they make the work of the heart more economical, that with heart attack it is very important. By the way, sometimes the disease exhibits themselves with vomiting or unpleasant sensations in the abdomen, interruptions in the heart or difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness or... nothing. Yes, it happens: a person suffered a heart attack, without even noticing this. The so-called solemn form of myocardial infarction is more often observed in people suffering from diabetes.
In the first days after the suffered infarction, a strict bed regime is required. At this time, the damaged heart may not even withstand minimum loads. Previously, the person who suffered a heart attack did not rise from bed a few weeks. Today, the beddown period is significantly reduced. But still, at least three days after the heart attack, it is necessary to lie in bed under the supervision of doctors. Then it is allowed to sit, later get up, walk... Recovery begins, adaptation to the new, «afterinfarcity» Life.
Risk group
First you need to know how promotable. More others risk getting it those who have close relatives - parents, grandparents - suffered from heart disease or hypertension. Next go smokers.
People suffering from hypodynamics and excess weight, «Feed atherosclerosis», And this is the main cause of heart attack. By the way, if a person already has atherosclerotic plaques, but leads a moving lifestyle, his blood is actively looking for workarounds and finds the road to the heart past a clouded vessel.
Infarction «loves» men after 30, but since 60 years old overtakes representatives of both sexes equally. Finally, in 3-4 times the risk of heart attack in people suffering from diabetes or increased arterial pressure (more than 140/90 mm RT.Art. at any age).
On a note
Unconditional leaders in harm in the sense of cholesterol - black and red caviar, liver and egg yolk: once bitted off - and the daily dose grasped. In one yolk, for example, - 200 mg of cholesterol. A little inferior, but also containable sausages and sausages.
Before frying or cooking chicken, remove the skin from it - there is a lot of cholesterol. After cooking it is useless - all cholesterol is already in meat.
20 g alcohol daily reduce cholesterol. And 100 g lead to the opposite effect.
Reduce cholesterol levels apples, garlic, beans, cauliflower and grapefruits.
What to do
- Take a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue and 325 mg aspirin.
- Lie or at least sit down.
- Immediately call «ambulance».
What can I do
- Take more than two nitroglycerin tablets in a few minutes, as well as any other drugs.
- Spend time on calls to consult than you still have.
