Who among the parents at least once did not hear a complaint from his child's abdominal pain. And at the same time few people know what to do: how urgently needs a doctor, give medicines or not, and if you give, then what?
Content
Abdominal pain is the most common
The reason for the appeal to the doctor in children's practice. Diseases in the picture
which arise abdominal pain, a lot. But the most important thing is not
skip among them those that require emergency surgical
Aid. Often enough in late diagnosis and development of complications
the guilty of the parents themselves who, engage in self-medication too late
Apply to the doctor. And the acute surgical pathology of the organs of the abdominal
cavity requires timely diagnosis and conduct
Operational treatment.
Therefore, we decided to tell you about the most common surgical diseases of the abdominal organs.
Acute appendicitis is the inflammation of a worm-shaped outflow
Kiska. Is the most common surgical disease.
Among children who are operated on about abdominal pain, appendicitis
Received approximately in 60-70 cases out of 100. The main symptom
acute appendicitis is abdominal pain. And at the beginning of the disease
In most children, pain is localized in the aircraft region, with
subsequently moving into the right abdominal departments. Nausea, vomiting -
frequent but not mandatory symptoms of acute appendicitis, as well as
temperature increase - temperature can increase as slightly,
So reach high numbers - up to 39°WITH. Part of the children may have diarrhea,
arising from increased intestinal reduction. With most
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract Language can be covered with a raid.
In acute appendicitis, symptoms may be observed depending on
The location of the heart-shaped process. If it is located in small
The pelvis, in the immediate vicinity of the bladder, often celebrate
painful and stripped urination; At the location of the process
near sigmoid or rectum can occur frequent,
Painful bowrs for defecation (emptying). At location
The process under the liver is intensive pain in the right hypochondrium,
accompanied by nausea and vomit.
When identifying changes in a worm-shaped process, removal is performed - appendectomy.
Late diagnosis of acute appendicitis leads to development
Complications, the most terrible of which is peritonitis - inflammation
peritoneum. In the development of peritonitis after appendectomy, purulent
effusion and install drainages for its subsequent outflow. Complicated
Appandycitis forms are characterized by a heavier course and high
the risk of the development of postoperative complications that require complex
and long-term treatment, and often repeated operations.
Under the intestinal invagination understand the introduction of one sector in the intestine in
Another resulting from the violation of its peristaltics - the process
consecutive cuts and relaxation of various departments,
contributing to the promotion of content. Occurs with a frequency of 2-4
Case for 1000 babies, mainly in boys. Most often
Intestinal invagination develops in children aged 6-12 months
incorrect introduction of feeding, which is usually vegetable or
Fruit ingredients. Fiber can cause a disturbance of peristaltics,
what leads to invagination.
The clinical picture of intestinal invagination is quite characteristic:
The background of full health in the child appears harsh, grabs
in a stomach. In the first year of life, this is manifested
anxiety, unmotivated cry and crying, pouring legs to
Belly. Attacks are often accompanied by vomiting, temperature lift.
Chair at the beginning of the disease can be ordinary, without pathological
impurities.
The attack of pain eating as unexpectedly, as it began: children
become calm, play, appetite appetite. After some
The time described above is repeated. Periodicity of pain
Syndrome is a characteristic clinical manifestation of invagination. WITH
Time the outstanding periods - light gaps
become shorter, and attacks are more frequent, severe and long.
The appearance of pronounced pain syndrome is due to infringement
introduced gut. In the intestine, blood supply is broken, edema appears
intestinal wall. The cages of the mucous membrane begin to produce
a large number of mucus that, mixing in the list of intestines with
penetrating through the walls of blood vessels by red blood cells, acquires
Raspberry-red color, this explains the appearance when invagination of the chair
in the form of raspberry jelly. Sometimes blood is simply noted in
Roast masses.
Intestinal invagination in children over 3 years old arises on the background
No organic changes that cause a violation of motility. To them
Polyps include (benign tumor education, growing
from the intestinal wall in his lumen) thin and colon,
Multiple enlarged lymph nodes, tumor formations of organs
abdominal cavity and pr. Therefore, with the development of intestinal invagination in children
Over 3 years old needed a comprehensive examination for identifying and
eliminate the cause of the development of this state.
The presence of a child in intestinal invagination is an indication for surgical treatment.
Tactics of treatment with intestinal invagination depends on
Duration of the disease and clinical picture. With absence
signs of peritonitis and lasting less than 6 hours from
diseases, the main diagnostic and therapeutic method is
Pneumaticrigoscopy. This is the easiest and most effective way,
consisting in promoting air in the colon and disgrace
Separation of the intestine under pressure. To do this in the colon with
The use of the rubber pear is injected by air for the advancement of which
Wrap using an X-ray apparatus. Sign of dissection
The introduced sector of the intestine is free air promotion in
Thin gut. Next, the child gives a drink liquid barium suspension and follow
For its promotion, making overview radiographs of the abdominal cavity through
A certain time. The appearance of the impurity barium in the cartoons is
a reliable sign of the gastrointestinal tract.
With late arrival, given the high probability of death
The walls of the disadvantaged intestine, produce a laparoscopic operation or
Lapotomy Opening of the abdominal cavity). After the columns of the gut
evaluate the condition of its implanted loop. If there are signs
Donation produce removal of the changed sector.
Mekkel's diverticulus is congenital intestinal defect and
represents the grown walls of the small intestine conical or
cylindrical form. Occurs with a frequency of about 2%. Feature
Mekkel's diverticula is that in 90% of cases in the structure of it
Walls included foreign fabric: cells characteristic of mucous
stomach, duodenal estate or pancreatic fabric, it
The circumstance and determines the manifestations of the disease. Foreign fabric
produces aggressive secrets (hydrochloric acid, pancreatic juice
glands) that lead either to inflammation of the diverticula -
Diverticulitis or damage to the walls with the development of bleeding. At
The development of the diverticulitis in the child arises a clinical picture, similar
with such an acute appendicitis. As a rule, the patient takes on
Operation with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and during the operation it becomes
Clear the true cause of abdominal pain.
During the operation, with the presence of unchanged worm
The process, compulsory conducting the study of the small intestine for
Exceptions of the diverticula Meckel. When discovered it is deleted
Section of the intestine with a diverticulous.
Pelvioperitonitis is the inflammation of the pelvic peritoneum (thin film,
covering walls and abdominal organs), uterus and her appendages with
The appearance of fluid in a small pelvis. Most often found in girls
from 3 to 9 years. Diseases of internal genital organs are detected
Approximately 20 girls out of 100 operated ones, among them
Approximately 30% of cases revealed Pelvioperitonitis. Cause
Development of this disease, as a rule, is an external infection
genital organs, that is, such girls to the pain in the stomach could
Currency pathological discharge from sex tract.
Usually there are pains in iliac areas or above the Lona, maybe
Be time rise, nausea, vomiting. Part of the children is celebrated
Painful and stripped urination. Quite a constant sign
is the presence of unusual vaginal discharge.
Indication for surgical treatment, as well as suspected acute
Appendicitis is the tension of the muscles of the front abdominal wall and the presence
Symptoms of inflammation of the peritoneum.
With Pelvioperitonitis, during Lavoroscopy, removal
from a small pelvis with electric cover with the subsequent sowing of paying fluid
To determine the microbial flora and its sensitivity to antibiotics.
If on the background of Pelvioperitonitis developed appendicitis, perform
Appendectomy, in the postoperative period is carried out antibacterial
Therapy with several drugs, in mandatory girls
examines gynecologist. As a rule, this complex of events
enough for complete recovery.
In the exclusion of acute surgical pathology of the abdominal bodies
cavities always recommend the child survey to determine
character pain in the stomach. The survey can be carried out either in
outpatient order, or in a specialized, for example,
Gastroenterological department.
In most cases, abdominal pain is associated with diseases
Gastrointestinal tract to which include: gastritis, duodenitis,
enteritis, colitis - inflammation of the gastric mucosa, 12 pans,
thin and colon (including virus origin);
Dyskinesia of biliary tract due to violation of processes
reduction of biliary tract and bile evacuation; reactive
Pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas that occurs when
Diseases of other organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
Inflammation of the mesenterior intestinal lymph nodes - (mesadenit), as
Rule is accompanied by stomach pain. Most often occur
nonspecific mesadenit (the cause of which is not determined)
After transferred acute respiratory viral infection. Glisny
Invasia (Giardiasis, Amebiaz, Ascaridosis and T.D.) also appear pain
in a stomach.
Children with similar pathology should be observed in gastroenterologists and
Receive comprehensive treatment. As a rule, in the hospital need
Perform at least a diagnostic minimum: ultrasound research
Abdominal and kidney organs, for girls - ultrasound
Study of small pelvis, general urine analysis, general blood test. Data
Diseases are detected on the ultrasound of the abdominal organs and
Endoscopic examination (during this study various
Departments of the gastrointestinal tract are viewed using optical
devices introduced through the mouth) of the upper gastrointestinal departments
tract. If any changes in the kidneys and bladder are revealed,
then the child must be necessarily examined by nephrologist and urologist.
Thus, the tactics of treatment, the volume of operation and the outcome of the disease
Abdominal cavity organs directly depend on the timing of the doctor's appeal.
Late treatment or refusal of treatment can lead to
severe complications and even the death of a child. It should be remembered that
Only a doctor can evaluate the symptoms of the disease, the severity of the state
child and determine the testimony for one or another treatment.
When a child arrives with complaints of abdominal pain in the receiving
The hospital department examines his surgeon. On the voltage of the muscles of the front
Abdominal wall, sharp abdominal pain during palpation (feeling)
And other symptoms can be suspected of acute surgical pathology
Abdominal organs. The child measures the temperature, carry out common
blood test (determines the number of leukocytes in the blood; their elevated
Quantity indicates the presence of inflammation). All children with pain in
the stomach is carried out a finger study through the rectum, which
It is necessary to examine the cavity of the small pelvis, the exclusion of abscesses and
etc. If the doctor cannot completely exclude the surgical pathology, then
The child is sent to the surgical compartment for observation,
Further examination and solving tactics of treatment. For example, for
suspicion of acute appendicitis (but in the absence of its unambiguous
Signs) Surgeon inspects a child every 3 hours. Children up to three years
necessarily conduct an inspection of belly in a dream, since small patients
Often during the inspection actively strain the front abdominal wall. IN
Surveillance course Surgical pathology of abdominal organs
either excluded or detected testimony for surgical treatment.
The need for surgical intervention is determined exclusively
Surgeon when examining a child or observing in dynamics. Other
In-orpeable additional examination methods have a secondary
meaning. The most common method is ultrasound
study of the abdominal organs, but sometimes it can not give
Full view of the truth cause of abdominal pain.
In doubtful cases, laparoscopy acquires -
The method allowing the optical device to inspect the abdominal
cavity, determine the diagnosis and simultaneously perform surgical
Intervention with the help of special tools introduced through
Small cuts in the front abdominal wall. Of course laparoscopy
carried out in operating conditions and under general anesthesia. Advantages
Laparoscopy is undoubted. First, an overview study of the whole abdominal
cavity and small pelvis immediately allows you to make a diagnosis correctly.
Secondly, minimal trauma. contributing to fast
Patient rehabilitation. Thirdly, the risk of occurrence is significantly reduced
Suit (formations in the abdominal cavity from connective tissue) after
Operations. And last, this is a cosmetic effect: three small cuts,
one of which is produced in the field of the navel, in the subsequent practical
not noticeable on the front abdominal wall. With laparoscopy become
obvious signs of inflammation of a worm-like process (appendix) or
Pelvic peritoneum and small pelvic organs (uterus, uterine pipes).
