Every second man and every third woman meet with coronary heart disease and with her hard manifestation - myocardial infarction. What we know about him?
Content
What it is?
Myocardium is a heart muscle. By arteries,
which are called coronary, blood comes to it. If
Some of these arteries blocks blood clots - Trombus,
then a portion of the heart that it nourishes, remains without blood supply,
and therefore without oxygen. «On a hungry soldering» Miocardial cells can
live at best 20-30 minutes. Then they die - it is
Heart attack, sampler in heart fabric. On the affected place
Rubet remains.
Last time myocardial infarction is rapidly
«young people». Now they are not uncommon when he is striking people, barely
Perevagging thirty-year threshold. True, in women younger than 50 years
heart attack - big rarity. Before that turns their vessels are protected
from atherosclerosis estrogen and other sex hormones.
But with the onset of the climax of a woman, on the contrary, they get sick more often.
From what
This happens?
The main cause of the disease - atherosclerosis, which is almost
each of us. In addition, we call the circumstances of life
(and dependent on us, and no), in which the probability of getting sick
high:
- male gender;
- For women, dangerous age comes after
50 years;
- Heredity (IBS, heart attack, brain stroke,
At least one of the direct relatives: parents, grandparents,
brother, sisters, especially if the disease has started
up to 55 years);
- Increased cholesterol content in blood (more than 5 mmol / l
or more than 200 mg / dl);
- Smoking (one of the most essential factors
Risk!);
- excess body weight and a sedentary lifestyle;
- raising
blood pressure (more than 140/90 mm RT.Art. in any
age);
- diabetes.
The presence of at least one of these factors
Really increases the risk «acquaintance» With myocardial infarction. Moreover
joining each new risk factor increases the likelihood
sick in geometric progression.
They also say that
Baldness in men is a kind of precursor of heart attack,
Since one of the factors of the appearance of Lysin is elevated
The level of androgens, and in the case of hormonal oscillations the body
reacts to change the content of hormones by lifting arterial
Pressure and increase in blood cholesterol.
What happens?
Atherosclerosis -
The process in which some in the wall of large arteries are postponed
Fats (cholesterol and other lipids) if they are in abundance
in blood. Those places on the vascular wall, where lipid clusters are especially
Many are called atherosclerotic plaques.
Blyka - the most
Vulnerable space in the vascular wall. Especially if she «Young» And in Ne
still did not have time to postpone calcium. In the most unexpected moment of the wall
plaques, which means that the inner shell of the heart artery can crack,
ride. For the body, this is alarm. Crack he seeks
Heal with blood clots.
Therefore, on a damaged place
immediately begins to turn down the blood. Trome education reminds
rolling with mountain snowball. If it does not interfere with him, the thrombus is very
Rights rapidly until the whole clearance of the arteries. Then blood flow
It ceases, cell death begins and infarction develops
Myocardia. The larger the artery, which closed the thrombus, the more cells
Myocardia will die.
The integrity of atherosclerotic plaques can disrupt the rapid heartbeat and an increase in blood pressure.
Infarction can
start during severe physical or emotional load,
But often it develops without any visible reason, as if 
On empty
place. Perhaps - even in a dream. But the most «Favorite» His time is early
morning.
Depending on the size of heart attacks divide
on large-scale, in which necrosis applies to the whole thickness
heart muscle, and small-scale. More dangerous large-scale infarction
The front wall of myocardium.
With the rear or side wall infarction,
especially small-scale (not for the whole thickness), its consequences are not so
Traumatic. The scar on the heart muscle stays for life.
Involve it can not, and about the suffered hearth heart «remember»
always.
Symptoms and diagnosis of infarction
First sign,
allowing to suspect the heart attack, usually becomes cruel pain
Behind the sternum, that is, in the middle of the chest. Usually able
rest; presses, burns, compresses, can give in hand, shoulder, back,
Jaw, neck.
When angina, such pain occurs during
loads, and with a heart attack it is stronger and more often starts at rest
and does not pass after the nitroglycerin tablets taken after each other
(1 tablet under the tongue every 5 minutes).
With these
Signs immediately call «Ambulance». The ability to endure in this
case - a dangerous enemy. Sometimes the disease manifests itself vomiting or
An unpleasant sensation in the abdomen, interruptions in the heart or difficulty
breathing, loss of consciousness.
Yes, it happens:
man suffered a heart attack, without even noticing this. So-called
The solemn form of myocardial infarction is more often observed in people suffering
diabetes. Changes occurring at heart factory are clearly visible
on electrocardogram. To clarify the area and degree of lesion can
be appointed ultrasound heart (echocardiography), which makes it possible
See structural changes. In some cases, the doctor can recommend
Conducting scintigraphy.
Treatment
In order not to risk, with the slightest
Suspicion of infarction doctors send a person in intensive care
hospital department. And the faster, the better. After all, only for
The first few hours, introducing special drugs, can be dissolved
«fresh» Trombus and restore blood flow in the coronary artery. Then
New thrombus should be prevented.
For this use
Medicines slowing down blood coagulation. One of the most reliable
means - acetylsalicylic acid, that is, the usual aspirin.
It reduces the number of complications and prolongs the lives to people who have suffered
infarction.
Often, beta blockers are used in treatment. These
Preparations reduce the need of myocardium in oxygen, and therefore saves
Cells of the heart muscle from death, reduce the size of necrosis.
At the same time they make the work of the heart more economical, that when infarct
very important.
In recent years, for the treatment of heart attack is used
Not only medicines. In particular, to so-called invasive methods
Refers coronary titious angioplasty. Angioplasty is shown at
Ineffective drug therapy. In another case, cardiac surgery
can offer an operation of the Aorticoronary Schuntation.
For the first time
days required strict bed. At this time damaged
Heart may not even withstand even mini
Small loads. Previously man,
suffered by heart attack, did not rise from bed a few weeks. Today
The term of bed regime is significantly reduced.
But still,
at least three days after the heart attack it is necessary to lie in bed supervision
doctors. Then it is allowed to sit, later get up, walk. Begins
recovery, adaptation to the new, «afterinfarcity» Life.
Rehabilitation after heart attack
Is it possible after
heart attack back to the usual life? To say hard «Yes» or «No»
hard. After all, it has its own: one works by a loader, and the other
spends days at the desk. First will not be easy to engage
the usual activity, and the second one will interfere. Besides,
complications, and the heart attacks themselves are different.
Recovery
After a heart attack stretched for several months. After all, the disease
not comic, it demands to revise your lifestyle, something in it
Change.
Rehabilitation begins in the hospital, where in the way with the prem
drugs and the passage of physiotherapy procedures
gradually increasing the intensity of exercise. (Special
Caution - Word «gradually»).
In no case do not force the events.
Medical physical education classes, walking first on a flat surface,
then - on stairs.
By the way, it is the staircase - a good test
ready for active life. If the patient can an average pace
climb to the fourth floor, not feeling pain in the chest or shortness, it means,
Recovery is successful. For a more accurate estimate of the state
often use a sample with dosage load. Usually it is performed
on a special bike - a bicycle game or on «Running track».
How
long need to take medicine? The answer is one: all my life! Even
The well-being is beautiful. That is why it is beautiful that constantly
Accepted preparations help the heart.
Can I behave sex
Life after heart attack? Unable to ask this question
attending doctor. Everything will depend on how you carry
Physical
Chesky loads (and sexual intercourse is a load, and considerable).
But there is
and general for all the rules that need to remember to be sexual
Contact ended with pleasure, and not a new heart attack.
First, it should take place with the usual partner, secondly,
in the usual atmosphere, and thirdly, choosing a position for sexual act,
It is necessary to prefer this at which the load is minimal - for example,
On the side.
Prevention
From some risk factors (Paul
and heredity) not going anywhere. But all the rest are quite
Amenable to our efforts! Support blood pressure in the norm,
and watch the weather - for example, for people with elevated
arterial pressure dangerous are heat and geomagnetic
storm.
Normalize blood sugar level. Move more! At all
not necessary «Run from heart attack», enough to walk in the fresh
air at least 5-6 kilometers per day. It is very important to quit smoking - it
one of the most «Aggressive» Risk factors. Try to reset the Lesnes
weight.
What should be the normal weight? Let's consider: Your weight
In kilograms, divide into growth in meters, erected into a square.
The resulting number is called the body mass index. Need to strive
to ensure that it does not exceed 26.
Power should be with minimal
The content of animal fats and cholesterol. More vegetables and fruits.
Instead of oily pork - white poultry meat, butter replace
Sunflower, Salo - Fish. Such a diet reduces not only
cholesterol level, but also expenses.
