Now in one television advertising on a par with the farewell and myopia, such a problem as astigmatism is called. What is astigmatism? You can find out this from the article.
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What is astigmatism?
Astigmatism is a different refraction of light rays on the eye axes. This happens because of the disturbance of the cornea: it has an ellipsoid shape, so there are 2 optical focus and the light falling on the cornea, it is not going to one, but at two points, and the person sees not a clear, and blurred image. In this case, we are talking about astigmatism. It is not always pathology. It exists and normally - the so-called physiological astigmatism. In physiological astigmatism, the difference between the vertical and horizontal meridian of the eye from 0.5 to 1 diopter. If this difference is more, then we are talking about astigmatism incorrect.
Astigmatism - the disease is quite heavy for the patient. Man sees badly and in the distance, and near. Sometimes it is difficult for him to determine the distance between objects, decide which one is further, and what closer. The contours of objects are distorted. Astigmatik is forced to wear glasses constantly. Without them, visual acuity is very low. The patient is limited in many types of visual loads, which means that it can not do much of what people with healthy eyes can.
Fortunately, astigmatism is not a very common disease. Among the total number of approximately 10% among the total number.
Why astigmatism arises?
Quite often occupied astigmatism congenital. If the child's parents are patient with astigmatism, there is a high probability that he will be given to the baby inheritance.
Often astigmatism is caused by eye injuries, especially penetrating injuries. After them, the cornea remains a scar, which, like a scar on the skin,, as if tightens the cloth to himself and deform the cornea. There is incorrect astigmatism.
Leave scars can not only injury. They can be the result of the operation. For example, when the cataract is removed, the incision is made, after which the scar can remain.
But in most cases, astigmatism is caused by various changes in the cornea. The most common cause of astigmatism is keratoconus. Keratoconus is a disease of the eye at which the corneal dystrophy begins. Normally its thickness 500-600 microns. With the coronuse of the cornea thinks to 400, even 300 microns. This process captures the center of the cornea and as a result, astigmatism occurs, more often incorrect.
Keratoconus usually amazes people aged 25-30 years. The reasons for this disease are still unknown. It is believed that it is genetically due to. Keratoconus develops and brings severe consequences slowly, usually for several years. But if the patient turned to help in time, the doctors will suspend the development of the disease. «Delay» Keratoconus can be for a long time.
Very rare in astigmatism to blame the crystal eye. When it is irregular shape, the so-called crustal astigmatism occurs.
How to treat astigmatism?
If astigmatism is congenital, the easiest way to deal with it is glasses. Special glasses, cylindrical, which will prescribe a doctor. But it is better to wear contact lenses. Previously, contact lenses were only hard. This is a good and effective way to combat astigmatism, but, unfortunately, they are poorly transferred. Not every person calmly react to a constantly on the eye of a foreign body.
Now there are soft contact lenses. They enjoy great popularity. People wear them not only to solve problems with vision, but also in aesthetic purposes - for example, colored lenses. In the case of astigmatism, this is not the best option. The fact is that soft contact lenses correct astigmatism not until the end.
When a person has congenital astigmatism, he prescribes glasses or lenses. If no lenses are transferred, you can wear glasses. Glasses - this is a good option for small astigmatics. Agree, it is difficult to insert a lens to a child, and even make it observe all the rules of their wearing. Another thing when astigmatism is caused by keratoconus. Then lenses are mandatory. When keratoconus in the eye, medicinal drugs.
People's vision problems have always. Humanity has long been known for various optical instruments, allowing them to solve - glasses, pensne, monocli, Lornets. It turns out that such a complex disease, such as astigmatism, is also known for a long time. True, Ophthalmologists had only one way to deal with it - glasses.
At this stage, the most popular method of radical treatment of astigmatism is surgical intervention. The shape of the cornea is adjusted by a laser. In the most difficult cases, part of the cornea replace the other, taken from the donor.
What is impossible to patient astigmatism?
Restrictions will tell the sickness itself. Astigmatics are very quickly tired of her eyes, and therefore they cannot work for a computer for a long time, read, watch TV. It is unlikely that such a person will be able to elect his professional activities with accurate devices.
If you have astigmatism, you need to take care of yourself and do not load the eye, which is so hard. It is impossible to try to overcome yourself and take visual loads like healthy people. Nothing except headaches and even more impairment of vision, it will not bring. But astigmatism, however, it is not a sentence. Physical restrictions with astigmatism are much less than, for example, in severe myopia. For example, it is impossible to raise gravity. For astigmatics there is no such restriction.
If astigmatism is caused by keratoconus, it is impossible to irritate the eye - to be in the cold, in dusting rooms.
To the eye you need to treat carefully - read a little and with good lighting. You can not read lying in transport. You can not watch TV and work on a computer.
In severe cases, at astigmatism, the doctor may ban driving a car, free from service in the army.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to protect yourself from astigmatism. Properly organized visual loads will help preserve vision and do not succumb to myopia. But this does not apply to astigmatism. He may suddenly appear at a completely healthy person. Then the patient must strictly perform the prescriptions of the doctor. Only a specialist can help, the very patient is not exacerbated by the situation.
