Myopia (myopia) is a frequent pathology of the refraction of the eye at which the image of objects is formed before the retina. People with myopia or increased the length of the eye - the axial myopia, or the cornea has a greater refractive force, because of what a small focal length occurs - refractive myopia.
Content
Depending on the degree of decrease in visual acuity, distinguishes:
- Weak myopia - up to 3 diopters
- Middle Myopia - up to 6 diopters
- Strong myopia - above 6 diopters
Causes and deadlines for the occurrence of myopia
Myopia
can be diagnosed at any age, but more often, for the first time
Detected in children aged 7 – 12 years old. As a rule, myopia
Increased in adolescence, and aged 18 to 40 years
The acuity of sight is stabilized. The causes of myopia to
End not studied. Set are some risk factors, and
exactly:
Heredity – It turns out that when both parents are mining,
Half children Myopia appears up to 18 years. If both
Parents vision is normal, myopia appears only in 8% of children.
It is believed that hereditary factors define a number of defects in synthesis
Connective tissue protein (collagen) required for the structure
Shell eye sclera.
- Disadvantage in the diet of various trace elements (such as
ZN, MN, CU, CR, and DR.) required for the synthesis of the sclera, may
Promoting the progression of myopia.
- Eye overvoltage - long and intense visual loads
At close range, poor workplace lighting, incorrect
landing when reading and writing, excessive passing TV and
Computer. As a rule, the appearance of myopia coincides in terms of
The beginning of school learning.
- Wrong correction – lack of vision correction at the first
The appearance of myopia leads to further overseas of organs
vision and contributes to the progression of myopia, and sometimes development
amblyopia (lazy eye syndrome), squinting. If to work on
close distance is used not correctly selected (too
«strong») glasses or contact lenses - it provokes overvoltage
eye muscles and promote the increase in myopia.
It is important: at the first signs of myopia
It will urgently turn to an ophthalmologist . No correction
Myopia or correction of incorrectly selected glasses or lenses can
lead to a rapid impairment of vision and development of progressive
Myopia.
Progressive myopia
State,
in which an increase in the degree of myopia occurs per year for one or more
Dioptri – It is considered progressive myopia. Myopia is pleased
intensively progresses children in school years, in the period most
Intense visual loads.
In parallel with this, the active growth of the body (and eyes, in
particular). In some cases, lengthening the eyeball in the forefront
The direction can take a pathological nature, causing deterioration
Food fabrics, breaks and retinal detachment, turbidity
Fiscame body. Therefore, people with myopia are not recommended
work related to weight lifting, with a bent body position with
head slope down, as well as sports, requiring sharp
concussion (jumping, boxing, struggle and other.) since it can
lead to retinal detachment and even blindness.
Progression
Myopia gradually leads to irreversible changes in the central
retinal departments and substantial reduction in visual acuity. At
detection of peripheral retinal dystrophies leading to its
detachment, in people with myopia is carried out laser rigs.
Prevention of myopia
- Lighting mode – Summary loads only with good lighting,
using upper light, desktop lamp 60-100 W, not
use daylight lamps.
- Mode of visual and physical exertion - It is recommended to alternate
Summary stress with active, rolling rest - during myopia to 3
Diopters, as a rule, physical exertion are not limited, over 3
Diopters - It is forbidden to raise weights, jumping and some kinds
Competition.
- Gymnastics for eyes - After 20-30 minutes of classes, it is recommended to conduct gymnastics for the eyes
Conservative treatment of myopia
- Proper vision correction – Using glasses or contact lenses selected by ophthalmologist.
- Muscle training - the voltage of which leads to an increase in myopia (
Laser stimulation, video computers vision correction, instillation
Medicinal preparations, special courses of eye gymnastics) – under
Observation of ophthalmologist.
- Ophthalmological diagnostics – Ultrasonic measurement of the longitudinal size of the eye – no less often than 1 time in six months.
- Structuring events - swimming, collar zone massage, contrast shower and t.D. On the recommendation of the ophthalmologist.
- Full nutrition – Balanced in protein, vitamins and microelements such as Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr and DR.
Modern myopia correction meters
Currently, there are three recognized methods for the correction of myopia, namely:
Glasses -
the most common method of correction of myopia for today. At
all their merits, glasses deliver to their masseland
inconvenience - constantly dumping, fogged, slide and fall, interfere
play sports and any other active physical activity.
Points do not provide 100% vision correction. Points are essential
limit the lateral vision, disturb the stereoscopic effect and
Spatial perception, which is especially important for drivers. At
Accident or drop crashing glass lenses can cause
Serious injury.
In addition, incorrectly selected glasses can
Cause to permanent overworking eyes and progression
Myopia. Nevertheless, glasses today remain the most
Simple, cheap and safe method for correction of myopia.
Contact lenses -
Contact lenses have a number of advantages over the glasses and today
day can provide a normal life even very active and
Sport young man. However, their wearing is also connected
with certain inconveniences.
Many people simply can not
Get used to an outsider in the eye. Frequent complications are
Allergic reactions so many «Users» Contact lenses easy
learn on constantly red eyes. Even people adapted to wearing
Contact lenses are not insured against the risk of infectious complications,
Including heavy, threatening full loss of vision. They are absolutely
contraindicated to wear during any, even the easiest, cold
Diseases. The process of removal and installation of lenses is quite unpleasant and worse
Togo, the contact lens can jump at the most inopportune moment.
Laser correction of myopia –
For adults (over 18 years) with a stable form of myopia
Modern ophthalmology offers the most progressive way
Correction of myopia – Laser correction. Best technology
Laser vision correction today is Lasik – operation,
guaranteeing patient with myopia normal vision, without any
Or restrictions.
