Word «immunity» It happened from Latin Immunitas - «immunity, freed from anything». Previously believed that people with good immunity are simply immune to infectious diseases. Later it became clear that immunity not only protects us from infections - his circle «duties» much wider.
Content
A task — Find and neutralize
Immunity - a complex system, to work
which is connected by many organs, can distinguish their cells and their
Components from the Jike. The target of the immune system is most often becoming
Microbes and viruses — carriers of alien genetic information that
invade the inner medium of the body. To save this environment,
The body must reflect the invasion of infections. And when it comes
enters immunity, most often meaning precisely the ability
body struggling with infectious diseases. Them for life
Man suffer many. As a rule, anti-infectious immunity
From this becomes stronger. It can be strengthened with various
techniques, first of all vaccination.
However, immunity protects us not only from infections. Sometimes organism
perceives as enemy agents and completely harmless to the first
Look, the components of the world: some food,
The smallest ticks living on the skin, the lunning epithelium of home
animals, pollen plants. Sometimes the immune system begins with unnecessary
zeal to protect the inner medium of the body from their penetration. This
Excessive reaction is called allergies. Its manifestations like
sneezing, cough, tearing, redness of the skin and itchy, in fact —
those methods that the body defends himself from «Interventory».
But the body can perceive as dangerous not only other people, but also
Your own cells. This applies, in particular, malignant
Ribbed, genetically modified cells. While the immune system of their
Recognizes and neutralizes, a person is protected from cancer.
In addition, immunity is struggling with the cells of the body, genetic
The structure of which has changed as a result of viruses or some
other harmful factors.
Thus, the consequences of the work of the immune system can be
Two ways: on the one hand, it protects the body from hazards, and with
another — His inadequate reaction can cause serious deterioration
Health.
The immune system consists of two main components. So
Called cell immunity — This is the struggle of the cells of the immune system with
Alien substances. Gumoral immunity — Development of antibodies, or
immunoglobulins (they are made to divide five classes), which too
Help to determine alien structures.
How does the immunity of infants work
The immunity of the child of the first year of life is different from immunity
The decay of maternal antibodies is happening throughout the first year
One of the peculiarities of the immunity of children of the first months of life is
It is because of such peculiarities of immunity to children of the first year of life
Imperfection of infant immunity is expressed in that
An important role in the formation and maintenance of the child's immunity is playing
adults significantly smaller maturity. His formation occurs
Main in the first 12 months. By year, the child has enough
developed immunity, and a meeting with infections is less dangerous for him.
The kid is born with antibodies obtained in the mother's womb through
Placet. These are antibodies of only one, but the most important protection against
class infections — IgG. Various diseases of a pregnant woman,
especially accompanied by the pathology of the placenta, can lead to
The lack of their fetus. In addition, on the number of antibodies
The newborn is affected by the duration of pregnancy. Transfer
Antibodies from mother to the fruit occurs in the last trimester
pregnancy, so kids born far earlier than the term
28-32 weeks of pregnancy, IGG class protective antibodies
Low: these children are worse protected from infections.
of life, while about 3-6 months already disintegrates them
part. And, although from the first days after birth, the body begins
produce antibodies yourself, at first their number
not enough, and in the first three months of the life of the baby protects exclusively
Mother antibodies. After 12 months, the child struggles with infections
Only on their own, which by this time is already sufficient. TO
The end of the first year is ready for «Defense» and cell immunity.
Inability to localize, limit infection: any infectious
The process can «grab» Child's body completely (doctors call
it is to generalize infection). That is why it is necessary, for example, very
carefully care for the healing umbilical wound: if not in time
prescribe medicinal products when it is supposed, a child can
Develop blood infection.
Requires special conditions of stay and special care. For breasts
infectious diseases — it's unwanted and risky. therefore
Children of the first year of life you need to protect against contact with
infections. True, this can not always do it because
a person surrounds a huge number of microorganisms from which
It is impossible to isolate, for example, the mushrooms of the genus Candida, streptococci,
Herpes virus. If the kid still got sick, doctors do not rely only
For the strength of its immunity, and prescribe medication treatment.
The immune response may be inadequate, so in children of the first year
life is often developing allergies, mostly food. And though her
manifestations are often harmless, some children detected and
Serious diseases — For example, atopic dermatitis. Patient
The child usually requires a rigid diet at which you have to
limit it in many foods. Fortunately, with age,
in the maturation of immune and other systems, manifestations of dermatitis usually
Softened.
breast milk: it contains a significant amount of maternal
antibodies. True, the antibodies obtained in this way only in
intestines. They protect the child from intestinal infections well. except
that, the proteins of the maternal milk are deprived of allergenic properties, so
Breastfeeding is the prevention of allergic diseases. But
It practically does not affect the level of antibodies in the blood, so
respiratory diseases or infections spreading through
Blood, a child who is on breastfeeding, is sick
Often, like «Artificial».
reproduction of only those human individuals who possess
strong immunity. So she created enough powerful genetic
Barriers preventing the birth of children with severe hereditary
Defects. Nevertheless, such diseases are known. In different ways
Classifications them number 40 to 80. The most common I
The least heavy diseases meet one child of 3-4 thousand,
And the most rare and heavy — one of 1-2 million.
Severe immunodeficiency are caused by violations at the same time in
Multiple unmamunity links. Their symptoms — uncontrollable
uncontrollable diarrhea, dry cough. The child's development stops.
And only with a timely manner, such children can be saved.
The reason for less severe immunodeficiency can be any
Violation of cell or humoral immune protection. Most often
This is the hereditary failure of any class of immunoglobulins.
It is manifested by various purulent infections, such as bronchitis,
lesions of the skin, diarrhea, which are difficult to treat and sometimes
go to chronic shape. Of course, manifestations of heavy immune
violations about which are in question, differ significantly from those
nutrition disorders and household infections that are usually in children
The first year of life. In immunodeficiency, these problems acquire
A completely different scale.
However, more often in children there are not heavy cases of immunodeficiency,
for example, the election failure of immunoglobulin A. It is non-hazard
immune violation that often does not affect the development and
Child Health.
As a doctor, I often meet parents who, reading about
all sorts of illnesses, begin to put their child diagnoses, including
including concerning immunity violations. Adequate to estimate the state
Immunity in such cases can only doctor. Watching the kid by
For months, the district pediatrician will be sent if necessary
child for advice to an immunologist. It is important to parents
understand that children should hurt — This is completely inevitable. And if
Baby manages B «Registered» deadlines to cope with the disease, then
Immunity is all right.
Early making vaccinations — He also has immature immunity: «He will grow up,
Then do it». This is mistake. First, the immune system of the kid is ready
Answer the formation of immunity to the introduction of a particular vaccine
(Vaccine doses and vaccination doses are optimally compliant
state of the immune system). Secondly, protection against infections is the most
relevant in the first year of life.
In different countries, vaccination calendars differ quite slightly,
Since compiled in accordance with the objective state of immunity
Breasts. Therefore, I advise parents without a special medical
Justifications not to get involved in the game with a delay of vaccination under the pretext
that child «Unrode Immunity».
It is common that for children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system
Duration of vaccinations should be shifted due to alleged features
Immune system. Actually diagnosed «Perinatal defeat of CNS»,
With the exception of the most difficult forms, it is not a reason for removal
from vaccinations. On the contrary, such children especially need vaccination,
Because infectious diseases they tend to flow
heavier than the rest.
Is it possible to stimulate immunity
To strengthen the baby immunity, first of all feeding is necessary
I want to reassure parents again: Immunity — It is very durable,
breast and timely vaccination. Proper nutrition and secrets
Procedures (Walking in Fresh Air, Hardening, Massage and T.NS.) —
This is also good: such events have a beneficial effect on the general
Development of a child, vascular, nervous, hematopoietic and others
Systems. But, unfortunately, they are not direct influence on immunity
Remote.
Very steady system — Such a nature made for millions of years
Evolution. If you compare the strength of the immune and bone system, then
I, as a clinical immunologist, believe that the first is more durable. Her
more difficult to break than bones. She does not need drug support,
After all, nature took care of immunity from the overwhelming
most children were good.
