Ixodic mite borreliosis is one of the most dangerous, after tick-borne encephalitis, diseases whose carriers are ixodic ticks.
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Everything live awakens with the arrival of spring. Both ticks – not an exception. Ixodic ticks on the territory of the Moscow region are the main carriers of pathogens of such infectious diseases as: Ixodic mite borreliosis (ICB), a monocytarian erlihiosis of a person (MEEC) and granulocytic human anaplasmosis (Gach). Every year only in Moscow and the Moscow region registered about 500 cases of ICB disease, and doctors believe that this figure is significantly lower than the real prevalence of the disease. What threatens the bite of the tick and what actions should be taken in this case, tells the leading researcher of the laboratory of natural focal infections of the center of molecular diagnostics (CMD) of the TsNII of the Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor Lyudmila Stanislavovna Karant.
Ixodic mite borreliosis is one of the most dangerous, after tick-borne encephalitis, diseases whose carriers are ixodic ticks. On the territory of the Moscow region, this disease is mainly caused by borrelia species Borrelia Garinii and Borrelia afzelii, and the infection of ticks with these pathogens is 20%. Burrelioz can flow in two forms: erythene and oreric. The incubation period lasts from a few days to a month, on average, occupying two weeks. Approximately 45% - 80% of patients on the site of suction of a tick develops migrating erythema – This is the area of redness of the skin with a diameter of at least 5 cm, slow centrifugal growth, more often — ring-shaped type with enlightenment in the center. In the center of the element – distinct trail from bite. Localization – armpits, groin, in the chest area, poning pate or on the border of open areas of the body with clothes (ankle joints, less often handbrush). Migrating Erythema – The main and only pathognomonic sign of Ixodic mite borreliosis, allowing the doctor to assume the development of borreliosis in a patient. In the event of an earthlyamic form, borreliosis at the initial stage often remains non-diagnosed doctors, since it is characterized by symptoms of general intoxication, similar to the clinical picture with other diseases: increasing the temperature, fast fatigue, weakness, headache. Late the started treatment adversely affects its effectiveness, which can be the development of chronic course of illness. In case of borreliosis, it is possible to defeat many organism systems: nervous, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and such lesions are often mixed.
In recent years, there has been an active study of the pathogenic species of anaplasm and erlihy, which are also transmitted during the creation of a tick. Unfortunately, caused by them in the initial period in most cases have general features with many infectious diseases: high temperature, headache, weakness, which will not allow without laboratory analysis methods to find out the cause of the disease.
The tick-borne encephalitis virus is endemic for 45 regions of our country. Characterized by fever, lesion of the central nervous system. It is possible to develop a chronic course of the disease. The only means of specific prevention of tick-borne encephalitis is a vaccination that needs to take care of in advance before departure to a dangerous area.
Unfortunately, vaccinations from borreliosis, anaplazmosis and erlihiosis does not exist. Therefore, the only reliable method remains emergency antibioticoprophylaxis. To do this, it is necessary to explore the tick for the presence of pathogens of the disease. Then, even if the tick-bored you was infected, it is possible to make emergency measures that will not give diseases to develop.
A sucking tick is necessary to remove as quickly as possible. To do this, it is recommended to neatly tie a thread between the tick and the skin and, twisting the thread clockwise «dislider» Towing leather. Or apply special devices («tick-screwdriver» or «lasso tick»). It is not recommended to smear oil tick – Contrary to the well-known myth, he will not suffocate for a long time, but it will be time to pass a sufficient dose of the pathogen. It is also not recommended to get ticks with tweezers, since, squeezing the body of the tick, we contribute to an even greater influx of its saliva and thereby increasing the number of microorganisms introduced into the rink; When using a tweezer, the tick can be randomly crushed, then its contents will also fall into the rink, and it increases the risk of infection. It is advisable to keep ticks for research in the most intact condition.
If the tick is alive — Place in a hermetically closing container with several blades or slightly moistened with a piece of cotton wool if the dead — Also place in the container (sealed package), then put in the thermos with ice. Sample deliver to the laboratory as soon as possible to perform research.
To date, the comprehensive diagnosis of infections in the tissue is carried out in the center of molecular diagnostics of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor. The uniqueness of this test is that at the same time the tick is checked for infections at once with four pathogens: pathogens of granulocyte anaplase, monocytic erlihiosis, borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. Unfortunately, this study is not included in the Mandatory OMS (Mandatory Medical Insurance) program, so you can only hold it for cash. Test cost - 925 rubles, retirees and disabled discounts are provided. The result can be obtained 48 hours after the test.
If the result of analyzing the tick shows that the attituer of infections is present in the plane, it is recommended to urgently adopt preventive measures that will prevent or significantly reduce the severity of clinical manifestations of diseases. When the tick-borne encephalitis is detected in the mite, seroprophylaxis is carried out: no later than the fourth day after sampling the tick introduced immunoglobulin of a person against tick-borne encephalitis. If bacterial pathogenic microorganisms have been detected in the under study, then you need to seek advice to the infectious doctor. And in any case, for a few months, it is necessary to follow their health status to consult a doctor at first symptoms of the disease.
