Ways transfer HIV

Content

  • Ways transfer
  • Unprotected sex
  • Use of injecting drugs
  • From mother to child


  • Ways transfer

    There are only three ways to transfer HIV infection: sexual, through blood and from HIV-positive mother to the child.

    The sexual path of infection is possible with sexual contact
    Without the use of a condom - containing HIV cum or vaginal
    Selection fall into blood through the mucous membrane.

    The virus can be transmitted through blood in the following cases:

    • when combined needles, syringes and other injection equipment;
    • When using non-sterile tools for tattoos and piercing;
    • When overflowing blood containing a virus.

    The virus can be transmitted from mother to child:

    • during pregnancy (through the placenta);
    • during childbirth (through contact with the blood of the mother);
    • In the process of breastfeeding (through maternal milk).



    Unprotected sex

    HIV during sex is transmitted due to contact containing liquids -
    blood, sperm or vaginal discharge - with mucous membranes
    (penis, rectum, vagina and, to lesser, mouth) or
    due to their direct hit in the bloodstream (if available
    damage). Prevent the transmission of the virus can be eliminating contact with
    Listed liquids. The most common way of this
    achieve the use of a condom.

    Most often, the transfer of HIV during proximity occurs when
    containing vaginal discharge virus or sperm in the mouth, in the vagina,
    rectum or penis. In this situation containing the virus
    Liquid contact with mucous membrane. There are viruses
    Attack of the immune system and transported to nearby lymph
    nodes where microbes falling on the mucous membrane are usually destroyed. but
    HIV peculiarity is that he is amazing the immune
    The system to which the lymph nodes belong. Therefore, protection does not work
    and develops HIV infection.

    Ways transfer HIV
    With intense sex mucous membrane and thin leather of genital organs
    Often injured. Through abrasions and cracks open the way for
    direct contact with blood. It increases the risk of transmission
    Virus. Yazovki, pimples on mucous membranes (resulting from
    various venereal diseases, especially gonorrhea and t.NS.) can
    Play a similar role, contributing to the entrance or exit
    HIV-infected blood through these gates with sexual contact.

    From a practical point of view, this means that the transfer of the virus
    Probative: accompanying sexual diseases,
    High intensity sex without sufficient training, ejaculation
    Directly in the partner.

    Reduce the risk of transmission of the virus can be avoiding injuries during sex
    (Using lubricants), refusing to ejaculation in a partner. As
    The content of the virus in saliva is slightly, its transmission under oral
    Sex is possible only in one direction, with sperm, when ejaculation in the mouth.

    Commercially available solutions and ointments for local «Disinfection» after
    Sexual contact kill HIV only in laboratory experiments.
    Reliable data that they destroy the virus in vivo,
    No. Many similar solutions, especially containing chlorine compounds,
    cause irritation and ulcers on the genitals, which, on the contrary,
    can become open gate for virus. On the other hand, these
    Means are effective against venereal diseases, so their
    Use can be regarded as work to reduce the risk of transmission
    HIV in the future.

    Since in the saliva HIV too little, the virus is not transmitted through the kiss.
    For all the many years of medical observation history, not a single fact
    HIV transmission with a kiss is not registered. Sometimes they say that the risk
    represents the presence of a wound and yasers in the mouth and on the lips, but in such
    The case for transmitting the virus is necessary for each partner
    open bleeding wound in oral cavity. Non-damped skin
    is an irresistible barrier for the virus. Therefore, HIV is not transmitted
    Through arms. HIV can live outside the body just a few minutes, so
    that drops and traces of physiological fluids, for example in bed
    Linen, do not pose a danger.

    Note that the risk of virus transmission depends exclusively
    Circumstances of concrete sexual contact. «Random» whether that
    Communication or «love», it does not matter. With multiple
    Contacts The probability of transmitting a virus increases in proportion to.


    Use of injecting drugs

    In drug injections or, iniquity, injection use
    psychoactive substances in the body can get a certain amount
    Blood containing HIV. In the used syringe or needle always remains
    blood in which the virus can live for several days. Even
    Blood traces can be enough to transmit infection.

    Therefore, the most effective way to prevent the transmission of the virus by this
    By the use of only sterile individual disposable
    Injection tools. It is important to understand that it is not only about
    a syringe with a needle, but about all objects in contact with psychoactive
    substance after boiling solution.

    Ways transfer HIV
    The risk of transmission of the virus occurs when using debit and earlier
    used needles and syringes. Dangerous are the purchase of drugs in already
    filled syringe and distribution of substance by method «Refuel» (when
    The solution is introduced from one syringe to another through the hole from the removed
    Needles or from a pulled piston).

    The probability of transmitting the virus during joint injection in significant
    degree depends on the degree of cleaning the syringe after the first use and
    The number of virus in the remaining blood syringe. There are significant
    Data that troped washing with clean water cleans the syringe
    him sufficiently to consider statistically unlikely -
    If not impossible - HIV content in it.

    In addition to the actual syringe, HIV transmission can provide common spoons,
    cotton filters and water used to dissolve psychoactive
    Substances or washing injecting tools. Application
    Separate cotton filter and unused water make it possible to exclude
    Transfer of the virus at this stage. Spoons can be sterilized by calcining
    Outdoor fire.

    It is important to remember that the transfer of HIV by injection tools
    may occur not only during joint use
    psychoactive substances, but in the process of dividing the dose of psychoactive
    substances at various stages of their distribution.

    There is an opinion that HIV can penetrate the psychotropic agent in
    The process of its production through containers and various adaptations
    for transfusion, filtering and mixing ingredients, as well as through
    Injection tools to which the product is selected from the container for
    Sample. However, facts, including the results of laboratory research,
    It is suggested that even when in a psychoactive substance of blood,
    containing the virus, HIV loses activity from heating and boiling
    Solution in the process of preparation of the drug.

    Statistics proves that the conduct of syringe exchange programs
    Reduces the probability of spreading immunodeficiency virus. We have B
    the country where these programs are not common, the syringes are nevertheless always
    You can buy on any pharmacy, including around the clock. They are inexpensive
    (significantly cheaper doses of any psychoactive substance) and
    Guaranteed safe.


    From mother to child

    HIV can be transferred to a child from mother during pregnancy, childbirth and
    Breastfeeding. On each of the listed steps this probability
    It can be significantly reduced. During pregnancy, the risk of transmission of the virus can
    reduce if the mother will take special medicines. Shows
    Virus during childbirth can be avoided using special methods
    Governs. Breastfeeding need to be replaced by artificial.

    These actions can reduce the risk of transmission of the virus from the mother of the child to
    3-8 percent. Therefore, pregnant women and women planning
    Take the child, it is important to know your HIV status.

    During pregnancy, the blood of a child and mother is not mixed, but between
    parents and fetus organisms, in the placenta, there is a constant exchange
    Various substances. This, the virus can get to the child.
    Modern methods of treating HIV infection make it possible to reduce
    The number of virus in the mother's body is almost zero. Therefore, when
    Properly selected drugs Risk of HIV transmission baby,
    located in the womb, significantly decreases. International recognized
    short-term dosage scheme that allows you to control the virus,
    It is assigned from 36 weeks of pregnancy and until childbirth.

    In childbirth, the child passes through the genital path of the mother, contacting with
    mucous membranes. The virus that is contained in the vaginal secrecy,
    can get into the organism of the newborn. Also often breaking trips
    paths, microtrauma, cracks. This may cause contact with
    Baby of the blood of a mother containing the virus. Therefore, during childbirth
    The presence of a physician specializing in HIV infection is especially important
    (In some cities there are special hospitals for HIV-infected
    mothers). Certain methods of objects allow to reduce
    probability of transmission of the virus in childbirth. In particular, the specialist should
    Conduct safe natural childbirth or offer cesarean section,
    appoint special antiviral means of mothers directly
    During childbirth and child for 72 hours after birth.

    In breast milk contains HIV, which will fall into the body
    newborn if the mother will not give up breastfeeding.
    Therefore, in order to avoid the transfer of the virus baby, it is necessary
    Go to full artificial feeding, that is, feed the child
    only substitutes of breast milk.

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