What are the paths of infection with licheniosis? How to diagnose lumberiosis? How does a woman's pregnancy affect? How is the treatment and prevention of lumberiosis? Answers to these questions you will find in the article.
Content
What is lemaryiosis
Listeriosis is little known in practical health care, although
The story of his study has more than 100 years. This infection
occurs on all continents, in countries with different
socio-economic and climatic conditions. She's well
Known veterinarians, t.To. distributed mainly among wild and
Pets and relatively rarely affects man.
Rare messages about lesteriosis in humans are connected with a small number
Practical laboratories capable of separating sheets or detect
Antibodies to Ne. Despite the relatively low incidence
of man, cases of fatal outcomes in cases are registered often,
And among newborns - even in 70-80%.
The greatest danger is lisheriosis for pregnant women, since
It leads to the unbearable of the fetus, stillbirth, premature
childbirth and early mortality of newborns. In addition to pregnant I
newborns, lickeriosis most often amazes the elderly people and
senile age, which are registered the most severe forms
Diseases - Septic and MeningoEncephalitical. Also often sick
People of all ages with impairment impaired, weakened by others
preceding diseases. These are primarily people suffering
oncological diseases, infection caused by the virus
immunodeficiency (AIDS, HIV infection), persons who have received a long time
Corticosteroid drugs, funds depressing immunity when
Transplant organs and tissues. In recent years, the risk category complements
A large group of young people - drug addicts, dependent on intravenous
Input drugs, significantly destroying the immune system. In all
These cases joining Listeriosis is often the last
in the link leading to death.
The causative agent is Listeria Monocytogenes - small moving
Warm, not forming a dispute and well-painted by the method of gram.
It belongs to the Corinbacteria group, among which the most famous
diphtheria stick, so bacteriologists often originally
diagnose lestery as a dipteroid (t.E. similar diphtheria) and only in
As a result of additional studies, these bacteria distinguish between
by himself.
Listeria has a harness that helps in its movements can form
Capsule and parasitize inside cells. It is able to multiply with
4-6°With in soil, water, on plants, food products. Therefore, lemary
Can accumulate when storing products in home refrigerators,
When many other bacteria are dying or stop multiply and not
Competitions for a significant increase in microbial mass
Lishery. Such a feature of microbes explains the common
Lishery name as «Microbe refrigerator». In this regard, storage
contaminated food in refrigerators does not prevent, and often,
on the contrary, contributes to letteriosis in humans in the absence of additional
Processing such products. Similarly, the salinity of vegetables, dairy
and meat products that are detrimental to many microbes helps
The reproduction of licenses withstanding 6-20% of the concentration of cook salt.
At the same time, they quickly die at boiling temperatures, although when
62°From dying only after 35 min. But even a high temperature of sheets
can carry, being inside cells or tissues. So, in Canada and
A number of European countries have observed outbreaks of food sheets,
caused by the use of pasteurized milk, which is pre-
not centrifuged, and leasery survived in single leukocytes and
epithelial cells detected in sediment after centrifugation.
On open surfaces, ordinary disinfectants (formalin,
Chlorine lime), as well as sun rays, cause their death.
Ways of infection of letteriosis
The most frequent infection occurs when patients with animals and
Bird or with the use of infected animal products
origin or vegetable polluted animal discharges or
Soil - the usual habitat of licenses. Among such products
Salads made of raw cabbage, soft cheeses are the greatest danger,
Meat semi-finished products, including birds. Raw meat and meat
Products can be infected at 30-50%. The possibility of infection
Liseriosis increases significantly in cases of professional communications
man with animals, bird or raw materials. Therefore, workers
Livestock farms, poultry farm, meat processing plants, dairy,
Foodstuffs and others make up a risk group.
Although the nutritional path of penetration of the leasery in the human body is
the main one should not forget that they can be implemented and others
paths - air-dust through the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract,
through the eye conjunctiva and damaged skin. Sick man
or a bacteria carrier separating sheets with urine, feces, vaginal
and other secrets is often also a source of infection.
Especially dangerous asymptomatic carriers or faces, having lighters and
erased (clinically not pronounced) forms of illness. In recent years
Long-term foundation of licenses in organs and secrets
urinary tract. As a result, infection is transmitted from
Mother fetal intrauterine (via placenta) or infection
newborn during childbirth. Future infection can occur in any
the term of pregnancy, but most often it happens to the last
Third of her. Rigorities and newborns can highlight the pathogen in
The current of the first two weeks after delivery. So they often can be
the source of nosocomial lesteriosis in non-compliance with hygiene measures and
insufficient disinfection of patients.
Due to the widespread distribution of lesteries in the surrounding person
Environment and opportunities to pass by erased and light disease forms
Natural susceptibility to sheets of low, and, as indicated,
In addition to newborn and pregnant women, mostly people are sick
years, as well as having a deficit of cellular factors immunity. Liseriosis
Usually observed in the spring-summer period, more often as sporadic
Diseases. Group morbidity and epidemic outbreaks
Conducted mainly by the use of grained letters
Food products.
Symptoms of Listeriosis
Liseriosis is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations,
Disease flow and outcome options. Incubation period, t.E. Time Ot
infection before the first signs of the disease, also differently - from
3-5 days in newborns up to 2 months, but most often in food
Infeit it is 2-3 weeks.
In most cases, a gastroenteritic form is registered,
which is manifested by nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea usually
Against the background of increasing body temperature up to 38-39°WITH. Listeriosis can
limit to the specified symptomatics, however, in 3-4 days
The patient's condition suddenly deteriorates sharply and signs are determined
The lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) in the form of meningitis,
Encephalitis or their combinations.
About lesteriosis should first be thought in case of development
meningitis in persons over 50 years old, after the preceding gastroenteritis, and
Also in persons suffering from the lymphoma who have undergone a transplant of organs or
receiving corticosteroids. Although in general the clinical course of meningitis
is quite typical, there are some features,
characterizing it of lemary nature. Unlike meningitis,
caused by other bacteria, when ledieriosis is more often noted
Cramps, coordination disorder movements, tremor, violation
mental state. Muscle rigidity Could not be determined
almost half of the patients, changes in the spinal cerebral fluid not so
significant, as with other purulent meningitis.
Listeriosis meningitis, as a rule, are combined with simultaneous
damage to the substance of the brain, t.E. In fact, are meningoencephalitis,
In all cases, it is extremely difficult and in 25-30% of cases
End in a fatal outcome.
Another form of damage to the central nervous system during lesteriosis
are brain abscesses that are usually subcortical, also
often end the death or serious complications in the form of parares,
paralysis, psyche violations. In most cases, the lesions of the central nervous system of litteria is found in patients in the blood, and often in the spinal
Liquid, T.E. There is a septic form of lumberiosis. Last
can also manifest with purulent foci in various organs, and then
Endocardits, pericardits, peritonitis, osteomyelitis are diagnosed,
pleuropneumonia, liver abscesses, spleen and t.D. In all these cases
Ozbins are marked, significant fluctuations in body temperature, increase
Liver, spleen, often develops septic shock with secondary
renal failure disseminated intravascular
blood coagulation, respiratory failure, which is in aggregate and
causes fatal outcome.
Much lighter, letteriosis takes place in pregnant women, who have, how
The rule does not affect the central system, usually resembles an acute respiratory
infection and accompanied by increasing temperature, pain in muscles,
Sustaines, lower back pain. Recall that I can not
a serious threat to the life of pregnant women, lickeriosis is extremely dangerous
For the development of the fetus, leading to stillbirth and premature birth.
Since the disease is usually developing in recent months of pregnancy,
When the fruit has already formed, its septic lesion is accompanied by
MicroBscesses and specific formations (granulomas) in
Placet, liver and fruit spleen. If the child is born alive, then
It is observed purulent conjunctivitis, papulese common
rash, bacteremia, are affected by the main organs and systems, making it
non-viable for 2-3 days.
If letteriosis did not have time to hit the placenta and fetal infection
happened during childbirth, then part of children without the development of sepsis through
2-3 weeks are diagnosed with meningitis or meningoenefalitis with heavy
flow.
Diagnosis of Listeriosis
Diagnosis of Listeriosis is significant difficulties in connection with
the variety of clinical manifestations and similarity with a number of other more
Of frequently found diseases (toxoplasmosis, syphilis, herpes,
cytomegalovirus, staphylococcal infection, yersiniosis and t.D.).
So the diagnosis can not be installed only on the basis of
Clinical picture. Anamnese data, including epidemiological,
in combination with the characteristic clinic allow only to assume
Liseriosis. To confirm the diagnosis, laboratory must
study of blood, stool, urine, patient discharge, which
lies in the detection of leveria or in serum
Specific antibodies whose level increases in the dynamics of the disease.
Treatment of sheetsteriosis
Listery treatment is not always successful, t.To. Diagnosis usually
It is established late, and the rasery is characteristic of rapid spread
and the defeat of the central nervous system where drug access is difficult. Among antibiotics
most effectively suppress ampicillin lierys, which is in heavy
Cases are prescribed in combination with gentamicin or Biseptol. Treatment
must be long (up to 6 weeks) in cases of sepsis,
meningoencephalitis or brain abscesses. Since lemaryiosis is developing,
As a rule, on the background of immune failure, the appointment is shown
Immunocorrorizing drugs: Imunofane, Timalin, myelopid,
Immunoglobulins and T.D. In the complex therapy of lumberiosis used
Disinfection solutions, dehydrating agents (mannitol,
Furymid), blood plasma, symptomatic means.
Prevention of lottery
The prevention of lumberiosis is to carry out veterinary and sanitary
and sanitary and hygienic events in settlements, in
livestock farms and product processing enterprises
animal origin. Anti-epidemic events
Provide a separate content of raw and ready-to-use
Products, mandatory heat treatment of meat and dairy dishes,
Bacteriological examination of food workers, agro-industrial
complexes, meat and dairy plants.
Pregnant or persons from a risk group must be removed from work,
associated with the care of animals or the raw materials obtained from them and
Products. They should beware of consuming raw or not enough
Termically treated dairy and meat products, as well as unwashed and
Subjected to peeling vegetables. For the prevention of lickeriosis
Newborn pregnant women with unfavorable obstetric history
subject to mandatory survey on lickeriosis. When identifying them
bacterida or local infection they are treated
Antibiotics. Generalized Listeriosis infection is
Indication for abortion.
