In developed countries, millions of people annually have burns for various reasons. 20% of the number of burnt - these are children. Due to the fact that children are so often becoming victims of burns, we will tell that is the most common cause of this terrible misfortune.
Content
Boiling water
The main cause of the burn in young children is boiling water. Interestingly, almost always burns arise in the morning - at the time when lunch is preparing and when babies and teenagers are in the kitchen. Especially often children are burned in hot drinks and hot water from under the tap. If your child (that with special pleasure do small children) pulled the tablecloth and overturned the kettle or a coffee pot, then, most likely, the burn will manifest itself in his redness of the skin.
If the child wondered boiling water, then the defeat is much more serious. Requires a surprise for a short exposure to hot water to make a deep burn, especially thin skin of newborns and children. Required 1 second at a temperature of 70scs so that the child gets very serious damage.
The speed and effectiveness of interference with the obedient children often means the choice between life and death. The shorter the time that takes place since the burn time and since the child's receipt to the hospital, the greater the chance of survival.
Much can be done to prevent further damage at the burnt baby right at the scene. You need to knock down the flame, but more importantly - you need to stop the tissue. The flow of fibers, as practice shows, increases the temperature of several hundred degrees compared to the flame. Thus, leaving smoldering tissue on the skin, we will contribute to the burden. If possible, the burned place should be cooled with cool or cold water, you can also wrap the burned place in a wet fabric. Ice cooling can not be used, as it can complicate a burn injury.
After the child was removed from the burning building and removed clothes from him, you need to spend a quick inspection in search of other damage. First of all, you need to make sure how well the child breathes, check its pressure and inspect whether there are no fractures.
As for electricians, it is important to determine here first, is it still a child in contact with the electricist and does this source of energy imagine danger to others. With the help of dry wood, rubber or plastic eliminate the touch of a child with an electrician.
Hospitalization
Before transporting a patient as soon as possible, burnt areas must be tied with a clean or sterile cloth. Fats, fat, homemade, folk and other means can not be applied, as they can lead to a further deepening of the burn.
In emergency hospitalization, primarily the following categories of affected children need:
- Children under three years old who have a burn takes more than 10-12% of the surface.
- Children with all the electricity.
- Children with burns Flame on face or burns with breathing damage suspicion.
- Children with burns, exciting anatomical areas, such as face, hands, genitals and crotch.
In order to determine the degree of damage to the burn, several methods apply. For example, «Rule nine». The basic principle of using the Nine Rules is that the entire surface of the main parts of the body can be divided into numbers, multiple nine percent. For example, the hand of an adult, as well as the head, is approximately 9% of the body surface, while the spin from the shoulders to the buttocks is about 18%. Initially «Rule nine» It was developed in the burn military department of the army hospital g. Brook based on the proportions of young people.
With regard to the application of this rule for children and newborns, it is necessary to make certain modifications. The surface of the baby's head takes a larger percentage of the total body surface, while the limbs occupy a smaller percentage. Similar differences depending on age must be considered when determining the area of the burned surface.
To determine the degree of burn, you can use a very coarse method, the so-called palm rule. Almost at any age, the palm is approximately 1% of the total area of the body. Using palm, you can quickly determine the approximate overall area of the burn.
It is very important to provide physicians as complete information as possible: the burn time, its reason, is it obtained by burning indoors or on the street, the duration of burning, the observed damage resulting from the burn. Because breathing is one of the main causes of death from the burn, it is necessary to evaluate the child's breathing system. A child who has gone burns in a closed or smoked room, is undergoing serious danger of strong damage to the respiratory tract or carbon monoxide poisoning. Appearance can help determine the presence of a serious pulmonary complication. Restless, bluish child, convulsively swallowing air, most likely, respiratory damage. The characteristic cherry color of a patient suffering from carbon oxide poisoning cannot be confused with a healthy skin color.
Chemical burns
With any chemical burns (no matter, acid or alkali), you must immediately wash the affected surface with a large amount of fluid. What fluid you will use, does not matter much. Easier and faster than water, which is always at hand.
The more water falls on the wound, the less the concentration of the skin of the chemical becomes. Therefore, if you continually irrigate the skin of the water, then everything will make it right. When chemical eye burns decisive are the first 5-10 minutes. At this time it is determined, what will be the effects of burn. In this case, it is necessary to wash the eye continuously. Acting in this way you do not damage and do not mind your eyes. Transferring a child to the eye doctor, you need to continue to wash the amazed eye and at this time. Fill as many bottles as possible with water, lift the eyelid to the child (even if you have to do it forcibly) and rinse, rinse, rinse!
So, without raising panic water and observing the simplest measures to provide first aid, it is possible to significantly alleviate the burden of burns from your child.
