Folide-defective anemia develops as a result of a decrease in admission to the body of folic acid or impairment of suction of the substance in the gastrointestinal tract. The treatment of anemia is to receive folic acid inside.
Content
The concept of foliinephoric anemia
The daily need of an adult in folic acid is 0.4 mg, however, the supply of folic acid in the body is limited. In this regard, in some states, for example, for several months of increased utilization of folic acid (during pregnancy, lactation), its deficit is developing. Folic acid enters the body only from the outside.
Main sources - fruits and vegetables, especially spinach, salad lathouse, asparagus, broccoli, Limskaya beans, melons and bananas. Folic acid deficiency - the most common cause of megaloblastic anemia.
Causes of folic acid deficiency:
- Lack of food
- Violation of the absorption of vitamins in the small intestine (with resection of a hectic intestine or the defeat of its tumor, multiple diverticulus, in tropical SPRU, DIFILOVDROPIOSIOS, alcoholism)
- Violations of the education of the internal factor of Castle – Mukoproteide participating in folic acid suction
- Increased vitamins spending during pregnancy
- Violation of the deposit of vitamins with diffuse lesion of the liver (hepatitis, cirrhosis)
Mechanism of development and main symptoms of anemia
With the deficiency of the cyanocobalamin (its coenzyme - methylcobalamin) does not convert folic acid into its coenses, without which the synthesis of the company is not part of the DNA. As a result, cell division is disturbed and first of all suffer from reducing hematopoietic tissue cells. In the bone marrow detained the reproduction and ripening of red blood cells, the duration of their lives is shortened.
Due to the violation of blood formation and hemolysis (destruction) of red blood cells, anemia develops, in which cells appear blood cells with pathological signs, and they appear not only in the bone marrow, but also in the blood. Changes concern and leukocytes (leukopenia is observed - a decrease in the number of leukocytes) and thrombocytopenia (decrease in platelet numbers).
The occurrence of incorrect mitosis and the appearance of giant cell epithelium cells leads to the development of inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane of its departments (stomatitis, esophagitis, gastritis, enteritis). It aggravates the primary violation of the secretion and suction of the internal factor and, therefore, enhances the deficit of vitamins (vicious circle).
As a result of the lack of cyanocobalamin in the body, the exchange products are accumulated, toxic for nerve cells, and fatty acids with a modified structure are synthesized in nerve fibers. Degeneration of (gradual qualitative change in cells) of the spinal cord (funicular myelosis) is developing, cranial and peripheral nerves are affected with the development of diverse neurological symptoms.
Treatment and prevention of anemia
For the prevention and treatment of folio-deficiency anemia, folic acid are prescribed in a dose of 1 mg / day inside. If necessary, the dose increases. The number of young blood cells increases after 3-4 days. When neurological symptoms are detected, avitaminosis B12. With a unrecognized shortage of this substance, the purpose of folic acid eliminates anemia, but neurological symptoms progress.
Forecast of the disease
The forecast of the disease is considered to be favorable. However, pregnant women foliofitual anemia may be accompanied by a low volume of circulating blood, as well as raise the risk of premature details of the placenta, premature birth and the birth of a male child. Folic acid deficiency is not the only reason for the complications listed. They may also be associated with insufficient food during pregnancy.
