Around the world, tens of millions of people suffer from heart failure, and the number of patients with such a diagnosis increases every year.
Content
Heart failure
The main function of the heart is the supply of oxygen and nutritional
elements of all organs and tissues of the body, as well as the removal of products
their vital activity. Depending on whether we rest or actively work,
The body requires a different amount of blood. For adequate support
The needs of the body is the frequency and power of cardiac abbreviations, as well as the size
The lumen of the vessels can vary significantly.
Diagnosis «heart failure» means that the heart stopped
sufficiently supply tissues and organs with oxygen and nutrients.
The disease usually has a chronic course, and the patient can many years
live with him before the diagnosis.
What are the causes of heart failure?
Most
Wested cause of heart failure is the narrowing of the arteries,
Oxygen Cardiac Muscle. Although vascular diseases develop
in a relatively young age, manifestation of stagnant heart failure
observed most often among the elderly. According to statistics among people older
70 years, 10 out of 1,000 patients are diagnosed with heart failure.
The disease is more common in women, t.To. Men have a high mortality percentage
directly from diseases of the vessels (myocardial infarction) before
they will develop in heart failure. Other factors causing
The development of this disease is hypertension, alcoholic and narcotic
Dependency, changes in the structure of heart valves, hormonal disorders
(for example, hyperthyroidism - overpowering the thyroid gland), infectious
Inflammations of the heart muscle (myocardits) and others.
Symptoms of the disease
Depending on the nature of the course of the disease distinguish with acute and chronic
Cardic insufficiency. Manifestations of disease are slowing down speed
general blood flow, reducing the amount of blood emitted by the heart,
Increased pressure in cardiac chambers, accumulation of redundant blood,
with which the heart does not cope in the so-called «depot» -
feet and abdominal veins. Weakness and rapid fatigue are the first
Symptoms of heart failure.
In connection with the inability of the heart to cope with the entire volume of circulating
Blood, excess fluid from the bloodstream accumulates in various organs
and body tissues, as a rule, in the feet, caviar, hips, stomach and in the liver.
As a result of the increase in pressure and accumulation of fluid in the lungs can be observed
Such a phenomenon like a dispatch or a breath disruption. Normally oxygen easily
passes from the rich capillaries of the lung fabric into the overall bloodstream, however
When the fluid is accumulated in the lungs, which is observed in heart failure,
oxygen does not fully penetrate the capillaries. Low oxygen concentration
In the blood stimulates the increase in breathing. Often patients wake up by
nights from attacks choking.
For example, American President Roosevelt, who suffered from heart failure
For a long time, I slept sitting in a chair because of problems with breathing impairment.
The yield of fluid from the bloodstream in fabrics and organs can stimulate
not only breathing problems and sleep disorders. Patients add sharply
in weight due to swelling of soft fabrics in the field of feet, shin, hips, sometimes
and in the abdomen. Evenkers are clearly felt when pressed by a finger in
These places.
In particularly severe cases, the liquid can accumulate inside the abdominal cavity.
There is a dangerous state - ascites. Usually ascites is a complication
launched heart failure.
When a certain amount of fluid from the bloodstream goes into the lungs,
There is a state characterized by the term «pulmonary edema».
Elevation of the lungs is often found in chronically current heart failure
and accompanied by pink, blood wets with cough.
Insufficiency of blood supply has its impact on all organs and
Systems of the human body. From the central nervous system,
Especially in elderly patients, a decrease in mental function can be observed.
Diagnosis of heart failure
With a stethoscope, the doctor listens to unusual noises in the lungs arising
Due to the presence of fluid in Alveola. The presence of fluid in one
Another field of the body can also be detected using X-ray.
The doctor listens to the noise in the heart, arising when filling and emissions
blood, as well as when working with heart valves.
The formation of the limbs (cyanosis), often accompanied by chills, testifies
On the insufficient concentration of oxygen in the blood and is an important diagnostic
Sign of heart failure.
The edema of the limbs is diagnosed when pressed by a finger. Notes
The time required for smoothing the compression area.
To assess the heart parameters, such techniques are used as an echocardiogram
and radionuclide cardiogram.
When heart catheterization, a thin tube is entered through a vein or artery
directly into the heart muscle. This procedure allows you to measure
Pressure in heartcams and reveal the location of the blood clockwork.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) allows you to graphically evaluate the resizing changes
and rhythm of heart. In addition, using ECG you can see how effective
Drug therapy.
What are the protective forces of the body to combat failure?
In cases where the organ or system of the body is not able to cope
With their functions, protective mechanisms and other organs or
Systems participate in solving the problem. The same is observed
And in the case of heart failure.
First, there are changes from the heart muscle. Heart cameras
increase in size and work with greater force to more
blood came to organs and tissues.
Secondly, the frequency of heart rate increases.
Thirdly, a compensatory mechanism is launched, called renin angiotensin
System. When the amount of blood emitted by heart is reduced and
Less oxygen flows to internal organs, the kidneys begin immediately
Hormone production - renin, which allows you to delay salt and water,
deposited with urine, and return them into the bloodstream. This leads to an increase
The volume of circulating blood and increase pressure. The body should be
I am sure that a sufficient amount of oxygen goes to the brain and another
vital organs. This compensatory mechanism, however, is effective
Only in the early stages of the disease. The heart is not capable of
For many years to work in reinforced mode in conditions of high pressure.
Treatment of heart failure
The best treatment of heart failure is its prevention that
Includes treatment of arterial hypertension, prevention
atherosclerosis, healthy lifestyle, exercise and diet (in
First of all, salt limit).
For medication therapy of heart failure, such
Preparations: Diuretics, Cardiac Glycosides, Vasodilators
(nitrates), calcium channel blockers, beta blockers and others. In especially
Heavy Cases Conducted Surgical Treatment.
Diuretics are used from the 50s of the 20th century. Preparations help
Heart work, stimulating the excretion of excess salt and water with urine. As a result
The volume of circulating blood decreases, blood pressure decreases,
Easy blood flow.
The most important in heart failure is a group of drugs,
derivatives of the plants of aphristic or «Cardiac glycosides».
These medicinal substances were first discovered in the 18th century and are widely used
To this day. Cardiac glycosides affect internal metabolic processes
inside the cells of the heart, increasing the power of heart abbreviations. Thanks to
The blood supply to the internal organs is significantly improved.
Recently, new ones are applied to the treatment of heart failure
Classes of drugs, such as vasodilators (vasodilators).
These drugs primarily affect peripheral arteries, stimulating
their expansion. As a result, due to the facilitation of blood current by vessels,
Improves the work of the heart. Nitrates include vasodilators,
An angiotensin gloculating enzyme blockers, calcium channel blockers.
In emergency cases, surgical intervention is carried out, which is especially
It is necessary when deficiency is caused by violations by heart
Valves.
There are situations where the only way to save the life to the patient
is heart transplant.
Forecasts
Estimated about 50% of patients with a diagnosis of heart failure,
live with this disease for more than 5 years. However, forecasts for each individual
The patient depends on the severity of the disease concomitant diseases,
age, therapy efficiency, lifestyle and many other. Treatment
This disease pursues the following objectives: improving the work of the left
Golden Hearts, Disability and Quality Improvement
Patient life.
Treatment of heart failure, started in the earliest stages, significantly
Improves patient life forecast.
