Arterial hypertension is considered a poor adult. The older man, the higher the risk. However, children are not insured against high pressure. According to statistics, arterial hypertension is registered with 8 - 25 children. For the reception to the children's cardiologist, brothers are brought, they will give food and teenagers.
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Problems of babies and teenagers
— Olga Andreevna, just that for you to consult my parents brought quite a crumb. Are such babies may have pressure problems?
— Arterial hypertension (a persistent increase in blood pressure) occurs at any age — like kids and adolescents. But the reasons that cause an increase in blood pressure are usually different depending on the age of children. So, the kids from birth up to a year more often encountered symptomatic (secondary) arterial hypertension. It is due to any other pathology. These may be endocrine disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system, congenital kidney anomaly.
In older children, essential (primary) arterial hypertension is most often registered. This is an independent disease in which the main feature is an increase in blood pressure.
Often adolescents it is connected with a period of puberty (puberty). Most often observed in children with overweight or, on the contrary, in high teenagers with well-developed muscles.
— In adults, the pressure is 120 for 80. And for children other criteria?
— For each age period, its level of both systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower) pressure is characterized. So, for example, newborn have a level of systolic blood pressure 60 — 65 millimeters of mercury pillar.
By the end of the first month it rises to 80 — 85 millimeters of mercury pillar. And by year is 95 — 110 (top) at 45 — 50 (Lower). From year to five years in healthy children, it practically does not change and keeps approximately one level.
After five years, there is a continuous uniform growth of blood pressure: systolic pressure in boys annually rises by two millimeters of mercury pillars, in girls — One millimeter. The level of diastolic blood pressure, regardless of the floor, grows on 0.5 millimeters of mercury pillars.
— What happens with pressure in adolescence?
— The beginning of puberty is a powerful factor affecting blood pressure levels. Teenagers who have early puberty are accompanied by intensive physical development, have a higher level of blood pressure than their peers.
— Now very often talking about high loads of schoolchildren. Children spend a lot of time for lessons, give up a huge number of complex tests, often worried, almost from the first class work at the computer. Can such a tense-nervous life lead to an increase in blood pressure?
— Of course, intense loads, permanent psycho-emotional stress are one of the risk factors. In addition, the factors that predispose the development of arterial hypertension include overweight, improper nutrition, smoking, hypodynamia, heredity, burdened by hypertension.
By the way, the risk of the development of arterial hypertension in children is 15 — 57 percent if one of the parents suffers from this disease. And if she is manifested by the Father, and the mother, then the risk rises to 44 — 73 percent.
— What is the danger of high pressure for children and adolescents?
— It all depends on the cause, against which it appeared. If a steadily high level of blood pressure occurs against the background of another pathology, in the future it may lead to the progression of the underlying disease and the development of complications.
At the same time, high pressure leads to a violation of the quality of life in children and adolescents. They are worse studying at school, poorly tolerate exercise, enough quick-tempered and conflict.
Each third young patient in the future it is possible to form a hypertensive disease. Therefore, timely prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension in children's and adolescence will improve the state of health and the duration of their life in the future.
— What symptoms and complaints should alert parents?
— Some children complain about dizziness, headaches, especially in the morning, short-term pain in the heart of a stitching character. With a steadily high level of blood pressure, bleeding from the nose, fainting. Do not leave these signals without attention and be sure to show the child to the doctor.
But very often arterial hypertension in children and adolescents proceeds asymptomatic. In this case, it is possible to identify pathology only with a timely examination, that is, measuring blood pressure levels.
— Perhaps parents, especially very small children, and in the head will not come to measure the pressure of the kids.
— One of the directions of the national project «Health» — Prevention of arterial hypertension in adults. But the pediatricians do not stay away from this problem. When planned medical examinations and when visiting the Plot pediatrician, the level of blood pressure should always be measured.
If it is increased, then after 10 — 14 days of the child are invited to repeat to confirm the high digits of blood pressure. Often, secondary arterial hypertension is detected in hospitals where children are hospitalized with another pathology. For example, with kidney diseases, endocrine system.
If the child did not measure pressure, we advise parents to pay attention to the state of the kid. This will allow you to notice the symptoms that can lead to an elevated level of blood pressure. Such kids can be complete. They quickly tired. Parents should alert high sweating and general concentrations of a child.
— Can parents independently measure children's blood pressure?
— Of course, especially if in the family, among relatives, there are hypertensive or medical examination in a clinic, kindergarten, a child's school has already been determined by an increased level of blood pressure. For this purpose, it is desirable to have a tonometer with a children's cuff. Starting with adolescence, you can use the adult cuff.
— If the child is constantly marked by increased pressure where to apply?
— Need to make an appointment to the children's cardiologist. Prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension in childhood are more efficient than adult patients.
— What would you advise for prevention?
— It must be organized in the family right, rational food. It is desirable that a healthy habit formed in the house. Excessive consumption of salt — One of the main factors of the occurrence of arterial hypertension.
Include in the diet of the child more fruits and vegetables, low-fat varieties of meat and fish, dairy products and various porridge. Preventive measures can be safely attributed to physical activity, refusal to smoking, drinking beer and other alcoholic beverages.
Practice for parents: correctly measuring blood pressure
• In the morning, not earlier than 35 — 40 minutes after the lessons of physical education, test work, food intake, in the cold.
• In a comfortable setting, after a five-minute rest.
• Child up to two years old pressure is measured lying. Senior Children — In the sitting position, lying or standing, how best. If the child sits, he must rely on the back of the chair. In no way cross the legs. During the procedure, the child should not talk to the surrounding.
• As a rule, the measurement is carried out on the right hand. Bent in the elbow, it should lie on the table, palm up.
• The cuff is superimposed on the shoulder, while the middle of the cuff must be at the level of the heart, and its lower edge — for two centimeters above the inner folds of the elbow bend.
• Repeated three-time measurements are carried out with intervals in two or three minutes.
Instructions for children: do not want to become sick?
Then makes sense to fulfill simple rules.
• Do not save time on a dream. Take it no less than seven hours. If you want to build a day, do not resist — rest.
• Every day you choose from the apartment for a walk. At least for about 35 minutes — 40. Even if there is no mood and bad weather.
• Pinting rational. Best of all four or five times a day. Just before bedtime do not know. Borshi, Solyanka and other soups, yogurts, kefirs and other dairy products, kisins, compotes, juices, vegetables should be on the table. But for coffee, strong teas and sodes do not particularly land. By the way, exam preparation — no reason to arrange a holiday stomach.
• Excuse smoking. And better and not try this harmful. Know: There is no safe cigarette.
• Do not use beer and other alcohol. One gram of pure alcohol contains seven kilocalories. Why do you need extra calories?
• Take a physical education. If earlier did not go to the gym, it is not necessary to put records in one day. Load should be increased gradually. Floating, roll on a bike and roller skates. Optimal option — daily and at least 30 minutes. And I find time (about a couple of times a week) Play volleyball, football, basketball, tennis, instead of watching cartoons and TV shows. Keep in mind: Moderate physical loads lead to normal blood pressure.
• Learn to resist stress.
• Listen and follow the advice of the doctor.
