The acquired defects of the mitral valve in most cases occur after transferring infectious diseases, atherosclerosis, injuries in the heart. Treatment of stenosis and deficiency of the mitral valve operational.
Content
Mitral valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It opens in diastole (during the rest) and through the atrocarditricular hole in the left ventricle through the mitral valve freely flows the arterial blood of the right atrium. In Systole (in the recreation phase), the valve closes under blood pressure while reducing the left ventricle and prevents the reverse current of the blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium. Valve consists of two sash.
Mechanism for the Development of Mitral Valve
With infectious and other diseases of the heart, the valve flap can be deformed, thickened. Then the valve is not completely closed, the hole remains between the sash and the valve cannot completely interfere with the reverse current of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle. Part of the blood from the left ventricle hearts back to the left atrium. First, the left atrium is hypertrophy, but due to the fact that its muscular layer is thin and not designed for heavy loads, soon decompensation and the left atrium stretches and increases in size. Since all blood from the lungs do not have time to pump, there is an increase in pressure in the vessels of the lungs. At the same time, due to the large inflow of blood in the diastole phase into the left ventricle of the heart, it is also hypertrophy, but over time, its compensatory capabilities are also dried, and there is deficiency of the left ventricular function. Ultimately, the load on the right heart departments increases and stagnation in a large circulation circle.
Mitral valve symptoms
While the heart compensates for the lack of work of the mitral valve, the patient has no complaints even with large physical exertion. Over time, shortness of breath appears when loading, then alone, attacks of cardiac asthma (dry cough with a small amount of sputum, sometimes hemoptia). Pain in the heart of a variety of character and not always depend on the physical exertion. We swell the veins on the neck, the nails on their hands and legs acquire a bluish color, there are edema on the legs. Very often, mitral insufficiency is complicated by flickering arrhythmia.
Diagnosis of the disease
When listening to systolic noise at the top of the heart. On the electrocardiogram find an increase in the left atrium and left ventricle. On the radiograph there is an increase in the left heads of the heart. Often to clarify the diagnosis produced a radiographic study with contrasted esophagus. During echocardiography, deformed mitral valve flaps are detected, reverse blood flow from the left ventricle into the left atrium, an increase in the size of the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Treatment of mitral insufficiency
Surgical treatment of mitral valve deficiency is the main treatment option. The main operation for restoring the function of the mitral heart valve is valve prosthetics. Recently produced plastic valve. Sometimes it gives the best results, but plastic operations on the mitral valve are practically impossible in rheumatic vices. There are many techniques like prosthetics and plastic valve. Their use depends on the degree and type of damage to the mitral valve. The results of operational treatment show the advantage of plastic correction of the mitral valve.
Stenosis of mitral valve
Stenosis of the Mitral Valve - this is the narrowing of the left atreservantic hole. The cause of the stenosis of the mitral valve, as well as most acquired heart defects, is previously transferred rheumatism in 80% of cases. On the remaining 20% there are other infectious diseases of the inner shell of the heart, atherosclerosis, heart injury, syphilis, etc. The narrowing of the entrance from the left atrium into the left ventricle causes an increase in pressure in the left atrium, blood from the small circle of blood circulation does not have time to pump, the pressure increases in the vessels of the lungs. Due to the increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels there is a spasm and all this leads to an increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery, which comes out of the right ventricle and carries blood into the lungs. The right ventricle of the heart is hypertrophy due to increased load. Gradually, its compensatory stock is depleted, it expands, the contractile ability of the heart muscle of the right ventricle decreases. Right ventricle can no longer completely pump off blood from a large circulation circle. Cardiac insufficiency arises.
The appearance of the patient with mitral stenosis has not changed for a long time. Gradually arises shortness, heartbeat. The patient poorly tolerates physical exertion. Over time, when the stenosis is increasing, the so-called appears «Mitral blush» - Pink pink lip and cheeks. If you make a hand to the chest in the heart area of such a patient, you can feel the jitter, the so-called «Cat Murlykanny».
Metral valve stenosis diagnostic methods
When listening to the heart, diastolic noise is determined. The noise is formed when the blood in diastoles through a narrowed mitral hole flows into the ventricle. Noise is enhanced after exercise. On the electrocardiogram find an increase in the left atrium and the right ventricle. X-ray determines changes in the lungs. On the echocardiogram you can see the thickening of the flaps of the mitral valve, the violation of their movement, a decrease in the size of the atrial stomaching hole, the deposition of calcium salts on the valve flaps. Sometimes a thrombus is found in the expanded right of atrium.
Treatment of the disease
Matral valve stenosis treatment in most cases surgical. Operations for the treatment of stenosis of the mitral valve were one of the first operations on the heart. Claused Mitral Commissionwriting. Comedy flaps of the mitral valve burst or cut off. This operation is performed now. Only in modern conditions it is produced on the so-called «Sukhom» Heart under the conditions of artificial blood circulation. This allows you to examine the mitral valve in detail, assess its condition. If necessary, plastic valve can be carried out.
If the valve is damaged significantly, and it is impossible to correct it, produce prosthetics of this valve using an artificial mechanical heart valve. Young patients, especially women, it is possible to carry out a gentle operation. This is a closed mitral commissomotomy (dissection of seams) or balloon dilatation (expansion) of the stenosis hole. Operation is performed through a subclavian or other artery. Breasts do not open, the device of artificial blood circulation does not apply. The results of the operational treatment of the stenosis of the mitral valve are good.
