Histology as the main method of diagnosing breast cancer, which show the results of the study.
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Histology with breast cancer
Main method for diagnosing breast cancer — Histological study of tissue samples obtained during biopsy or surgery. Depending on the histological analysis data, tactics and treatment methods are selected, the forecast is determined.
The histology of breast cancer determines:
- Histological tumor type: Rifted, lolk, inflammatory, medullar, papillary, colloidal. Each view has its own characteristics;
- Differentiation degree. Cancer cells having a high degree of differentiation possess the properties characteristic of normal breast cells. The smaller such properties has a cancer cell, the less differentiated cancer. Poor differentiated types of cancer are more difficult to treat, have the worst forecast, more often give relapses;
- Availability of receptors to estrogen (ER +), progesterone (PR +), epidermal factor of type 2 growth (HER2). The study is carried out by the methods of immunohistochemistry. The presence of data receptors on cancer cells impairs the forecast, increases the frequency of recurrences, reduces the effectiveness of treatment. The definition of receptor status is necessary to select the correct treatment tactics (more aggressive), determining the duration of chemistry and radiation therapy, the purpose of the hormonal cancer therapy;
- Nuclear Pleomorphism — Characteristics of the core cell (sizes, intensity of staining, heterogeneity), indicating intensive expression of genes. Increase value — unfavorable prognostic sign;
- Number of Mitosa figures. It shows the amount of cancer cells. The higher the parameter, the more aggressive and faster progresses cancer;
- Molecular subtype. Depending on the presence of characteristic genes, several types of breast cancer can be distinguished. It is important for choosing the right tactics of treatment.
Histological analysis of breast cancer conducts a pathologist. Direction for research gives a mammologist-oncologist or oncologist.
