Opisthorchosis - extremely common in our country and very dangerous parasitosis, infection by which is happening through fish. It is caused by flat worms, called feline duct, and is known from the 19th century. These are biogelmintosis, that is, not only man is sick, but also animals.
Information about the pathogel
Cat or Siberian Doodstop - a small flat worm, an oval-elongated form up to 2 cm in length having two suckers (at the head end and on the belly), with which the parasite is trailed inside the host's body and feeds. Life expectancy - up to 20 years.
Opistorhis has a complex life cycle, in the process of which repeatedly changes its «location».
Fitting into the water, on the bottom of the reservoir of the eggs of the seller, we swallow freshwater molluscs from the genus of bitinium. In the body, the hatched larvae feeds and grows for about two months, then leaves the snail and is being introduced into the body of the fish from the Karp's family. In the subcutaneous fatty fiber and muscles, the fish larva undergoes changes, it is formed suckers, and after 1.5 months it becomes able to infect the main owner. In the role of the main owner are fishing animals (cats, foxes, raccons, sands and t. D.) and, of course, man. There, the larvae once again undergo changes, acquire the final adult form, begin to multiply and cause the disease - opistorhosis.
Clinical manifestations of opistorhoz
The long presence of parasites leads to chronic inflammation of the liver, pancreas, destruction and blockage of the ducts of these organs. Especially the liver suffers. First, the defeat is characterized by a chronic hepatitis, then the connecting tissue grows in the body and cirrhosis of the liver is formed over time. This is an irreversible process.
In bile dursions, fibrosis, epithelium cells are also active as a result of the destructive effect of parasites, are in a state of constant proliferation (reproduction), trying to patch holes, «Meal» opistochia. Permanent proliferation - the first stage to the development of liver cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). Therefore, this parasitosis is recognized by oncogenic.
Another complication of opisthorchosis is the attachment of infection outside and intrahepatic biliary tracts up to the development of purulent cholangitis.
Diagnosis of opistorhoz
In a clinical picture, the doctor may suspect the presence of a patient opisthorchosis. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to detect in the analysis of bile (after duodenal sensing) or feces of opistorysis eggs. Repeated studies may be required, since the release of eggs with adult worms is impermanent, and it begins no earlier than a month after infection.
It is possible to identify parasitic DNA in feces using PCR (polymerase chain reaction).
The detection of antibodies in the blood is auxiliary.
How to treat opistorhosis
The main and most common drug against feline ducts - praziquantel or bilricide. When it is used, the development of side effects is possible, so the treatment of opisthorchosis is better carried out in the hospital. Doses are strictly individual.
How to avoid infection with opistorhoz?
Infection of opisthorchose occurs when using a flat, fast welded and low-salted fish of predominantly carp rocks (carp, sazan, bream, lin, roach, redfree, sand, pescar, is, chub, horse, bleak, Gollyan, and t. D.). As well as strikanny. It is dangerous in this regard using sushi and rolls with thermally untreated fish.
The feline ducts in the muscles in the muscles are rather resistant to adverse effects of the external environment. For example, in the household freezer (-15 degrees) they persist up to a month, and when boiling, no earlier than 20 minutes die.
So cooking and fry fish need not less than 20 minutes, and fish pie - hour.
Deep freezing (-35 degrees) disinfects fish after 10 hours.
Hot smoking should last at least 2.5-3 hours, when cold smoked, you must first face a good fish.
Rules of fishing fish
10 kg of fish it is necessary to take 2 kg of salt. The duration of finding in brine is different depending on the size of the catch: for small fish-type fish - 10 days, for medium (15-25 cm) - 20 days, for large (more than 25 cm) - 40 days.
You can knick fish only after a two-week salmon (before riding, the fish can be soaked to remove excess salts).
For the cutting of the fish, a separate cutting board must be assigned, a knife, and for the wash them - a separate sponge. Cannot handle fish on the dinner table, «Fish hands» Take clean dishes, cutlery, food.
Important question: If one person is sick in the family with opisthorchosis, can other members of the family be infected from it?
Answer: No, can not, because before becoming dangerous for a person, a parasite must pass a series of metamorphosis at intermediate owners (snails, fish).
Prevalence opistorhoz
Widespread in the Urals, Volga region, Kazakhstan, Siberia, especially Pools Obi, Irtysh. In Thailand, India, Sri Lanka is often found another type of opisthorchis, causing similar clinical manifestations - a vingular duplex, an affect of an adult population, for example, Thailand - up to 80%.
