Cushing's disease: diagnosis and treatment

Content

  • Kushing's disease
  • Symptoms of Cushing's disease
  • Diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease



  • Kushing's disease

    Signs of this disease were first described in 1924
    Soviet neuropathologist Nikolai Itsenko. He suggested that
    The cause of the disease lies in changes in the hypothalamus (brain section,
    responsible for the interaction of nervous and endocrine systems). Later
    American Neurosurgeon Harvey Kushing tied a disease with a tumor
    pituitary. Today, scientists have come to the opinion that the illness of Itsenko-Cushing
    arises as a result of failures in the work of the hypothalamic-pituitary system
    - right turned out to be both researchers.

    Incenko Cushing's disease -
    severe neuroendocrine disease based on violation
    regulatory mechanisms controlling
    Hypothalamic-pituitary and adrenal system. Manifestations of disease
    are bound primarily with excessive formation of hormones
    adrenal glands - corticosteroids.

    This rare disease is 3-8 times more often in women aged 25-40 years.

    Incenko-Cushing syndrome on clinical
    manifestations are no different from the disease. It is diagnosed in cases
    adrenal tumors (benign or malignant) or
    Etopoped tumor of various organs (bronchi, thymus,
    pancreas, liver).

    Cause
    Incenko-Kushing disease is still unknown. However, it is noted that
    In some cases, the disease occurs after injuries
    and brain infections. In women, the disease occurs more often after
    Rodov.



    Symptoms of Cushing's disease

    Disease occurs as a result
    Violations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal relationships.
    The mechanism is broken «feedback» between these bodies.

    In hypothalamus
    Nervous impulses come, which make its cells produce
    Too many substances activating release
    adrenocorticotropic hormone in the pituitary. In response to such a powerful
    the stimulation of the pituitary is thrown into the blood a huge amount of this very
    adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). He, in turn, affects
    on adrenal glands: forces them in excess to produce their hormones -
    Corticosteroids. Excess corticosteroids violates all exchange
    Processes in the body.

    As a rule, in the disease Izsenko-Cushing
    The pituitary gland is increased in size (tumor, or adenoma, pituitary). As
    The development of the disease is increasing and adrenal.

    Basic signs of the disease:

    • Obesity:
      Fat is postponed on shoulders, abdomen, face, milk glands and back.
      Despite the fat body, hands and feet in patients thin. Face becomes
      Moon-shaped, round, cheeks red.
    • Cushing's disease: diagnosis and treatmentPink-purple or crimped stripes on the skin.
    • Excessive hair growth on the body (women grow a mustache and beard on the face).
    • Women - a violation of the menstrual cycle and infertility, men - a decrease in sexual attraction and potency.
    • Muscular weakness.
    • Bone fragility (osteoporosis develops), up to the pathological fractures of the spine, ribs.
    • The blood pressure increases.
    • Impaired sensitivity to insulin and the development of diabetes.
    • Reducing immunity.
    • Possible development of urolithiasis.
    • Sometimes sleep disorder, euphoria, depression.
    • Reduced
      Immunity. Manifests itself by the formation of trophic ulcers, guncrowders
      lesions of the skin, chronic pyelonephritis, sepsis and t.D.



    Diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease

    When such symptoms appear and suspicion of Izsenko-Cushing's disease, it is urgent to see the endocrinologist's doctor.


    To establish a diagnosis after examining a patient, a number of studies are conducted:

    • Blood test and urine per hormones: determining the level of ACTG and corticosteroids;
    • Hormonal
      Samples - First, patients give blood to hormones (corticosteroids),
      Then take the medicine (dexamethasone, synacten, etc.) and through
      For some time, the analysis is reused;
    • Radiography of the skull and the region of the Turkish saddle to determine the size of the pituitary
    • for
      A detailed study of pituitary and surrounding brain structures apply
      Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance tomography (MRI);
    • X-ray of the skeleton bones to identify signs of osteoporosis and pathological fractures.

    To date, there are three directions of treatment of Izsenko Cushing disease.

    • Drug: Purpose of drugs blocking excessive production ACTH or corticosteroids.
    • Radiation therapy with which it is possible «Out» Pickup activity.
    • Surgical
      Treatment - the removal of the pituitary tumor. One of the species
      Surgical treatment is the destruction of the pituitary tumor with
      Low temperatures (cryosurgery). For these purposes is used liquid
      Nitrogen, which is summarized in the tumor region.
    • With rapid development
      diseases and ineffectiveness of therapeutic treatment are performed
      Operation to remove one or two adrenal glands (adrenalctomy).

    More often
    In total, in the treatment of Incenko-Cushing and Izsenko-Cushing syndrome
    Use a combination of various methods: drug
    and surgical treatment, medication and radial therapy and t.D.

    In addition to
    Reducing hormone levels are prescribed symptomatic treatment. So, for
    Elevated arterial pressure prescribed drugs that reduce
    pressure. With the development of diabetes mellitus Special Sugarins
    Preparations, diet. To reduce the manifestations of osteoporosis - preparations
    Vitamin D.

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