What beautiful paints our world is painted. But, unfortunately, there are people who devoid to see all the variety of color palette. They are called dalphaton. And most often this defect is strong half of humanity. So determined Nature.
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The first found that some people are deprived of the opportunity, distinguish between certain colors, English chemist and physicist John Dalton. In 1794, he described him inherent in the very impact of view: the inability to distinguish red and green. By the name of the discoverer, this disadvantage and received the name of Daltonism. Special sensation discovery did not cause. It was perceived more like a certain curiosity, leading to small household inconveniences, like the impossibility of collecting a red strawberry in the green grass. True, over time, surprising detail turned out: congenital color blindness - for the rarest exceptions - is characterized only by men. In addition, «unmanimed» Occasionally applies blue (purple) color.
After a hundred years, a new interest arose to the problem of Daltonism - in connection with the rapid development of transport. Traffic lights appeared on the roads, and the ranlets behind the wheel became a source of danger. Soon measures taken: before getting driving permission, you need to pass test tests. The one who could distinguish between one-color background circles numbers or figures made up of circles of the same brightness, but another color, received the right to drove. If the tested color vision is not in order, then it cannot be done and, accordingly, cannot be a driver.
But not only transport problems attracted attention to the daltonism. He was interested in scientists: first physiologists, and then experts in heredity.
And now about why such a attack is collapsed mainly on men. Genetics were able to answer this question. It turned out that «responsibility» For the occurrence of daltonism in men lies on... Women. They are hidden carriers of a defective gene, causing disorders of color. Why in a male body this gene manifests itself, and in women - no? The fact is that a pair of chromosomes responsible for half a person exists in two versions. In women, its components are identical, and men - no. Women's genital chromosomes are taken to denote Latin letter «X». In women, two X chromosomes (XX), and in a man, except X-chromosome, there is still a small chromosome, which is denoted by the Latin letter «player». I.e «gentlemanly» Set is XY. The Dalton Gene Gene lies in the X-chromosome, and «power» It is small. If a person has a normal, unchanged gene, then he cannot manifest itself. It is clear that in women with two X chromosomes, the appearance of congenital color blindness is possible only when defective genes will be in both chromosomes. Similar situation extremely rare. But in the Y-chromosome there is no gene capable «Put» his unsuccessful partner, so the Dalton gene gene manifests itself in men quite often.
Surprisingly, many people with disturbed color perception will know about this one who accidentally. It turns out, they gradually «Learn» distinguish between the color according to the degree of their brightness that partly compensates for their disadvantage. And they make it so successful that «Expose» This Okol Path of Perception is capable only by a specialist.
In addition to innate features, the color partition may be violated due to diseases of the organs of vision or central nervous system. At the same time, the perception of all three main colors is reduced. Timely treatment usually allows you to restore normal color.
With long-term exposure to the color on the eye, the color sensitivity of the retina can decrease to such a state that two different colors will be perceived as the same. This phenomenon of color fatigue.
The color is quite strong on the psyche and the physiological state of the person. The most favorable effect on sight is yellow-green and blue gamma colors.
Women, as a rule, more subtle than men distinguish with shades and are able to see more of their number.