Probably many of us often want to ask a question by a specialist, but shy or lost. We consider the most important parties to rotavirus infection. Learn more to be protected!
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Your child is nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, runny nose, shaking, intoxication and temperatures have risen above 37.5? In this case, it can be assumed that it has become infected with rotavirus infection. What to do? Run to the hospital, or be treated at home? How to protect yourself from the disease itself and other family members? We talk with an associate professor of the Department of Preventive Pediatrics, Infectious Pathology and Clinical Immunology of the Medical Academy of the Sofia Evgenyevna.
Drink boiled water and beware of cooling
- Please tell us how much the viral diarrhea exists and what rotavirus infection is?
- Viral Diaria a lot. Today - about 120 varieties of viruses can cause liquid stools in children, high temperature, vomiting, and catarrhal (runny nose, nasal congestion, throat and DR. Symptoms of cold) Symptoms. These are asteroviruses, and caliciviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses: in general, 75% of all diarches are viral diarrhea. Rotavirus infection is characterized by the lesion of the digestive tract - multiple vomiting and an abundant watery chair, common malaise, dehydration.
Infection of rotavirus infection
- How can I get infected with rotavirus infection?
- The main paths are alimentary and contact-household. The first way is the infection of infected water or food, the second - through the objects of care: nipples, pacifiers, bottles, toys, dirty hands adults, dirty maternity bathrobe (which child can «lick»). Very often infection occurs through non-joyful water.
- What time of year, viral diarrhea is mainly arising?
- Basically, they arise in the cold season - these are diseases of the winter period. Reducing the incidence occurs with warming. If spring is early, fast, then the rotavirus infection instantly goes to a decline. But if it is protracted, at night freezing, it is snowing for a long time, then the incidence is higher. Thus, the approach of infection begins, as a rule, in November, and the decline in April.
- But the quality of water deteriorates in the spring
- Yes, really worsen. But the spring rotavirus is not so active, at this time, as a rule, begins the rise of another infection - bacterial (escherichiosis). In the spring water, these pathogens becomes very much and precisely at the expense of them there is a growth of intestinal infection, which also takes place enough.
Disease manifestation
- What are the symptoms of rotavirus infection?
- Disease, as a rule, starts with a catarrhal symptom (runny nose, passing, throat pain). At the same time, multiple vomiting opens, and then, abundant watery chair. Temperature is usually higher than 37.5, and very often rises to 39 degrees. And for adults is generally characteristic of the temperature under 40, the indomitable vomiting, but there is no diarrhea.
- What can such symptoms?
- Since young children opens vomiting and a watery chair, it can lead to dehydration. An adult man can cope with it, because he feels thirst and drinks a lot, so it quickly comes out of this state. But the little child dehydration is very dangerous!
Dehydration in young children leads to a violation of water-salt metabolism, so the likelihood of renal failure is high, and it can lead to a fatal outcome. Therefore, if the child repeatedly repeated vomiting, the chair is more than 6-7 times a day and it is rarely urinated (not to urinate for 6 hours), then immediate hospitalization is needed in hospital.
- Is it true that the disease proceeds very quickly, and it starts suddenly and acute?
- Yes this is true. Very rapid care to toxicosis with dehydration, literally in a few hours. But at the same time, if adequate treatment is carried out, then the child can get out of a heavy state for a day.
- What is the hidden period of the disease?
- From two hours and to seven days.
- And in what period of the patient is inflated?
- Since the appearance of a catarrhal symptom, vomiting and diarrhea. That is, while there is no selection, the child is not inflicable. But as soon as some kind of allocations began, he becomes dangerous for others. As soon as recovery came, it stops being contagious.
Who sick rotavirus infection
- Rotavirus infection people are sick, as a rule, alone, or all those surrounding?
- This infection gives focal incidence in limited teams, such as kindergartens or nursery, a child's home: very often this infection gives incidence in the family, that is, family foci exist.
- Who gets forward to adults, or children?
- The first, as a rule, children are ill, and already following children - adults. Moreover, these diseases are more susceptible to young children. The most susceptible age is children from 6 months to 5 years, although more older children can also hurt.
Up to 6 months, children are more often transferred not rotavirus, but a mixed infection. For example, rotavirus infection plus klebseyelleous or staphylococcus. That is, this is a combination of viral infection with a conditional pathogenic. Mixed infections have a definite clinical picture, which is slightly different from rotavirus infection. The chair is not just watery, but with an admixture of greenery and mucus, small portions, from 2 to 10 times a day, repeated jerking, worried about abdominal pain, especially during feeding or at night.
- Why infection with rotavirus infection is more affected by children?
- Because kids have its own physiological features. The fact is that in young children, the acidity of the gastric juice differs from the acidity of the adult stomach. Gastric juice barrier does not protect the child. In children, the immune system has not yet matured to such an extent as an adult person. Especially lacking secretory immunoglobulin, which lins the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and the mucous membrane of the entire digestive tract. In connection with the deficit of such antibodies, the child is more susceptible to the disease.
- That is, adults are rarely sick?
- Yes, but still sick. Patients with chronic diseases of the digestive tract are susceptible to viral diarrhea. This is especially characteristic of people with gastritis, which are accompanied by reduced acidity. Healthy adult population is most often carriers of rotaviruses, thus becoming a source of infection.
- Surveys in rotovirus infection
- One of the most informative methods is used - this is the so-called ELISA (immunoferment analysis) on the definition of the virus antigen. With this method, the diagnosis is made very quickly, in a few hours. Material for research (carts) is sent to central laboratories.
«Abundant drinking» + Smekt
- How to be treated with rotavirus infection?
- It is necessary as quickly as possible, after the first symptoms, consult a doctor. The treatment is in abundant drinking and reception of the smects, the basic therapy appoints a doctor. In no case impossible in the first days of the disease to take enzymes! The fact is that the composition of any enzyme includes proteases that contribute to the introduction of rotavirus in the epithelium of the intestinal mucosa.
- «Abundant drinking» - how much is this?
- To have an effect, you need to drink every 20 minutes about a tablespoon of fluid every 20 minutes, and the liquid must be alternating (for example, a spoon of salt, spoon of boiled water, or tea, fruit, rice decoction). As a rule, for 6 hours, the use of solutions and smects leads to a significant improvement in the state. The amount of the necessary drink is calculated by the doctor, depending on the age of the child and the volume of fluid loss, for example, a child with a weighing of 8 kg is needed at least 800 ml.
- What do you mean by words «Salted solution»?
- Regidron, glucosalan. But in such a solution, as a tour is contained not only salt, but also the extract of chamomile, and the chamomile is very good disinfects the intestine!
- What can not be used in rotavirus infection?
- With rotavirus gastroenteritis, patients can not carry milk at all. Cow's milk should be excluded from the diet. And children who are on breastfeeding, reduce its use. This is due to the fact that the synthesis of the enzyme is sharply reduced in the small intestine, which splits milk sugar. And the accumulation of milk sugar in the intestine, just causes a liquid chair.
- What is best to use during this period?
- If these are children of early age, they remain almost natural feed, that is, breast milk. And with artificial feeding - adapted milk mixture. Other milk or low-column mixtures are best suitable from adapted mixtures. Children from 8 months can use children's kefir. After a year, silent porridge are given, kefir, subsequent adapted mixtures (especially for children after a year). You can use a vegetable mashed potature (without milk additive), cottage cheese, meat broth, minced meat, butter added in silent cereals. Children over three years old are given acidic juice (cranberry, currant, brushing).
- And yet, it is better to hospitalize a child, or you can treat at home?
- Light and elastic shapes can be treated at home under the supervision of the precinct pediatrician. In the mid-stage forms of children of the first year of life, it is not recommended to leave at home. If the child is older than the year, and it is weakened (often sick), it is also better to hospitalize. Well, and, of course, with heavy forms, the hospitalization of the child is obligatory! Older children leave at home, subject to a clear observance of prescribed treatment and sanitary hygiene rules.
After illness
- What are the recommendations after the transfer of rotavirus infection?
- Often as a result of transferred rotavirus gastroenteritis, the intestine dysbiosis is formed. Therefore, after a day, biopreparations need to be taken within a month.
- Is there a rotavirus infection prevention?
- In the winter season, it is advisable to constantly use boiled water, and not only for drinking, but even for washing dishes. Fine rotaviruses are destroyed by economic soap, ordinary toilet, any washing powders. When performing these elementary hygienic rules, the distribution of rotavirus does not occur.
In winter, for the prevention of rotavirus infection, babies are better battered in boiled water. And viruses may be in bottled water, so it is also better to boil it. Fruits, washed under the crane, it is advisable to scream with boiling water! Adult family members should not forget to wash hands after visiting the toilet, cleaning the apartment, arrival from the street, before cooking. After all, in essence, any intestinal infection is a disease of dirty hands!
- After the disease, human immunity is formed?
- Unfortunately, immunity is not worn out, so the child can overcome this infection repeatedly. Now there is an approbation of a vaccine against rotavirus. The fact is that abroad exist vaccines that successfully work. For example, in America, in France, vaccination against rotavirus infection is included in the national calendar. So we have such a vaccine in our country, at the moment it is checked. If the approbation is successful, perhaps, soon all children in three-month age will be vaccinated. And then, I think we will handle this infection.
