What is Parkinson's disease

Content

  • Parkinson's disease
  • What are the symptoms of Parkinson's disease
  • What are the causes of Parkinson's disease



  • Parkinson's disease

    Parkinson's disease (tender paralysis) - chronic progressive
    The disease of the brain first described in 1817. English doctor
    J. Parkinson. Patients with Parkinsonism often
    suffer from involuntary trembling limbs (tremor), muscle
    rigidity, coordination and speech violations, and also have difficulty with
    movement. These symptoms are usually developing after 60 years, although known
    Cases of Parkinsonism at the age of 50 years.

    Parkinsonism - progressive
    Disease, T.E. His symptoms and manifestations over time are exacerbated and
    worsen. However, despite the fact that ultimately Parkinson's disease
    leads to disability and loss of legal capacity, the disease progresses
    slowly, and even after the diagnosis is made by most of the patients for a long year
    can lead a full life.

    Moreover, unlike other
    Serious neurological diseases, Parkinson's disease can be treated.
    Often resort to medication treatment, or implanted in the brain
    Special device stimulating brain activity. In extreme cases
    resort to surgical intervention - operation on the brain by the method of stereotaxia, the essence of which
    lies in the destruction of a small zone in the subcortical structures of the brain. Currently
    The search for effective treatments for the treatment of Parkinson's disease continues.



    What are the symptoms of Parkinson's disease

    The first symptoms of the disease
    Parkinson is difficult to notice - like, for example, the immobility of the hands when walking, light
    Tremor in the fingers of one hand or minor violations of speech. Sick
    feel devastation, decay of forces, are susceptible to depression or suffer from
    insomnia. In addition, habitual classes (shower, shave, cooking and
    T.NS.) require great effort and take longer.

    Tremor. Tremor often begins with easy hand shake or even
    Individual fingers. Sometimes tremor hands is accompanied by uneven movement
    large and middle fingers resembling the rolling of invisible pill (t.N.
    «Syndrome Skania Pilyul»). Sometimes the tremor of the lower extremities occurs. These
    Symptoms can be more expressed on one side of the body or manifest
    Symmetrically combined with other symptoms of the damage to the nervous system:
    Disorders of coordination, sensitivity, etc. Tremor is especially manifested when
    The patient is in a state of stress. Although tremor limbs causes
    significant inconvenience, it does not lead to loss of legal capacity and disappears
    Only when the patient sleeps. Many patients with Parkinsonism suffer from only
    Minor tremor.

    Slow motion (Bradyknesia). Over time, the disease
    Parkinson «Etern» new symptoms, including slowdiness and
    awkward movements, as well as coordination violation. Muscle rigidity can
    make a movement, gait. It is especially annoying since
    makes it difficult to perform the simplest action.

    What is Parkinson's diseaseMuscle rigidity. Muscle rigidity (or rigidity) often appears
    Neck and limbs. In some cases, rigidity even shines movements and
    causes pain.

    Loss of equilibrium. Parkinsonism, especially in severe, often
    accompanied by the inability to maintain equilibrium. For many years this
    The problem remains insignificant and does not cause discomfort.

    Loss of automatic movement. Blinking, the appearance of a smile and
    waving hands when walking - automatic actions of a normal body,
    which are performed on the subconscious level and even in addition to our desire. W
    Patients with Parkinsonism this automatism of movements often disappears, and sometimes
    disappear at all. In some cases, on the face of patients steadily fixed
    expression of close and tense attention, a non-moving look. In some
    Patients, except for the facial expressions, disappears and the ability to gesture.

    Violation of articulation. Many patients with Parkinsonism also suffer
    From violation of speech - it can become a weakly modulated, illegible. Voice
    loses intonation and becomes monotonous and quiet. For older people it
    represents a special problem because there are poorly hearing elderly cohabitants (husband
    or wife) can simply not hear them.

    Violation of swallowing and salivation. This symptom appears on
    Late stages of the development of the disease, but, with rare exceptions, patients with this
    the symptom is still able to make food independently.

    Dementia. Minor percentage of patients with Parkinsonism suffers
    from dementia - inability to think, understand and memorize. This symptom is also
    Appears in the later stages of the disease. Although weakly think more often
    manifestation of Alzheimer's disease, it can accompany other serious
    Diseases, including Parkinson's disease. In this case, the beginning of dementia
    Specifies the slowdown in mental processes and inability
    focus.



    What are the causes of Parkinson's disease

    For those 200 years that went with
    the moment of opening Parkinson's disease, scientists managed to understand some aspects and
    processes of this complex disease.

    Today it is known that many
    Symptoms and manifestations of Parkinson's disease are developing due to damage or
    The destruction of certain nerve endings (neurons) located in black
    Brain substance. In normal condition, these nerve cells
    produce dopamine. Dopamine function lies in the smooth transmission of pulses
    To ensure normal movements. In Parkinson's disease decreases
    Dopamine products, the normal transmission of nerve impulses is disturbed and
    The main symptoms of Parkinsonism appear.

    In the process of aging, all people are deprived
    Of some part of the non-neutrons producing. But patients with Parkinsonism lose
    More than half of neutrons located in black substance. Although happens
    Degeneration of other cells of the brain, it is cells that produce
    Dopamine, necessary for movement, so their loss of catastrophic. Causes
    Damage or destruction of these cells is still the object of many
    Research. According to scientists, Parkinson's disease can develop due to
    adverse combination of genetic and external factors. Defined
    medicines, diseases and toxic substances can also create clinical
    Picture characteristic of Parkinsonism.

    Genetic factors. According to scientists, genetic
    factor plays an important role in the development of Parkinsonism, but it is still difficult
    determine how strong is heredity.

    External factors. People working with herbicides and
    pesticides, stronger at risk of Parkinson's disease, than
    rest. However, scientists have not yet been able to establish a connection between any other way or another
    Toxic substance and parkinsonism.

    Medicine. A number of drugs taken in
    For a long time or in large doses, can cause symptoms
    Parkinsonism. These include drugs such as Haldol and chloropromazine (Thorazine), which
    prescribed in the treatment of some mental disorders, as well as drugs
    against nausea, for example, metoclopramide (REGLAN, METOCLOPRAMIDE).
    Tool against epilepsy Valproat (Depakene) can also cause some symptoms of disease
    Parkinson, especially Tremera.

    These medicines do not cause
    The development of Parkinson's disease, and symptoms disappear after the cessation of their reception.

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