What is adenoma pituitary? What are the manifestations of the adenoma pituitary? How to treat adenoma pituitary? Answers to these questions you will find in the article.
Content
Adenoma pituitary, manifestations
Pituitary consists of two fractions of the front
Adenogipofiz, where the products of six own hormones occur
pituitism (somatotropin, thyrotropin, follitropine, lutropin, prolactin and
adrenocorticotropic hormone), and rear, where two hormones accumulate,
Synthesized by hypothalamus oxytocin and vasopressin.
Adenoma pituitary gland is a benign tumors from the glandular fabric, which is in the front share of the pituitary.
The reasons for the occurrence of the pituitary aden to date are not fully found.
The predisposing factors are considered:
- Infectious processes in the nervous system
- Skull and brain injuries
- Various adverse effects on the fruit during pregnancy.
Recently, the value and long-term use of oral contraceptive drugs.
Adenoma pituitary gland can be hormonally inactive
(Insidental) if the cells of which they consist not produce
hormones and hormonally active.
The manifestations of the adenoma of the pituitary gland depend on which hormone produce cells in the composition of the adenoma, from the size of the adenoma and the rate of its growth.
Adenoma producing a somatotropic hormone manifest
the emergence of acromegaly or if they occur in childhood,
Giantism.
The synthesizing prolactin of the adenoma is the most frequent pituitary aden.
It is usually growing slowly and manifests itself by increasing the mammary glands and
Selection of milk from the mammary glands. Sometimes such adenoma can
produce defective hormone and not manifest clinically.
Corticotropinoma, synthesizing adrenocorticotropic hormone, is manifested by enhanced products of adrenal cortex hormones and hypercorticism. Usually such adenoma synthesizes a lot of corticotropic hormone, but grows slowly.
Tirotropinoma usually occurs in patients with hypothiosis (deficiency
Functions of the thyroid gland). It can cause thyrotoxicosis that
Extremely resistant to treatment, both medication and
Surgical.
Adenoma which produce hormones regulating function
The glands (gonadotropinoma) in men cause impotence and gynecomastia, in women - a lamination of the menstrual cycle, uterine bleeding.
Extremely rarely met the malignant adenomes of the pituitary.
As adenoma grows, there are manifestations from the Central
nervous system. Near the pituitary gland is the crossroads of visual
nerves (chiasm), therefore, if adenoma increases to two
centimeters, impairment of vision arise. When studying climb,
Reveal their narrowing. On the eye day, with increasing the size of the adenoma,
Find the swelling of the nipples of the optic nerve. Ultimately may occur
Atrophy of the visual nerves, the consequence of which a sharp drop in view, to
blindness. With a significant increase in adenoma, violations are joined by
The sides of the cranial nerves.
How treatment is carried out
Adenoma pituitary gland
Medical treatment of adenoma pituitary glands is carried out using the appointment of the drug Parlodel (Bromocriptine). It turned out to be the most effective in treating prolactin.
From radiation treatment methods are used:
- Remote radiation therapy
- Gamma therapy
- Proton therapy
- Radiosurgical method.
The radiosurgical method is to introduce radioactive
Substances in Adenoma. Radiation treatment methods give good results when
Small adenoma.
Neurosurgical treatment is carried out when violations occur
vision, with complicated adenomas (hemorrhage in adenoma, education
Cysts in the field of adenoma).
Now operations are performed using microsurgical
transphenoid approach. Operational treatment usually gives good
Results, especially if the dimensions of the adenoma are small.
