What are the reasons for impairment of pituitary? How to diagnose and treatment of impaired pituitary? Answers to these questions you will find in the article.
Content
Pickup diseases
Hormones affecting the work of all organs and systems fall
in blood from special endocrine glands, which are combined into a single
Endocrine system. These are adrenal glands, thyroid and parathyroidism
glands, ovarian (in women), seeds and testicles - (in men),
Pancreas, hypothalamus and pituitary. Perhaps there is no in the body
more hierarchical and disciplined system than endocrine.
At the top of power is the pituitary -
Little gland rarely exceeding the size of the nail on the mother's maiden.
The pituitary is in the brain (in its very center) and rigidly
controls the work of most endocrine glands, highlighting
Special hormones that control the production of other hormones.
For example, the pituitary is thrown into the blood thyrotropic hormone (TSH),
which makes the thyroid gland to create thyroxin
and triiodothyronine. Some pituitary hormones are directly
Effect, for example, somatotropic gomon (STG) responsible for processes
Growth and physical development of the child.
The disadvantage or excess of pituitary hormones inevitably leads to severe diseases.
The lack of pituitary hormones leads:
To the secondary lack of hormones of other endocrine glands, for example, to secondary hypothyroidism - thyroid hormone deficiency.
- except
of that shortage of the hormones themselves causes severe physical
Violations. So, the shortage of a somatotropic hormone (STG) in childhood leads
To dwarf.
- Nonachar diabetes -
With a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADG is produced
In the hypothalamus, then enters the pituitary gland, from where it is released in blood).
- Hyponituitarism -
Lack of all pituitary hormones - in children can manifest themselves with a delay
sexual development, and in adults - sex disorders. Generally,
Hyponituitarianism leads to severe metabolic disorders that
affect all organism systems.
Excess hormones
pituitary gives a bright clinical picture, and the manifestations of the disease
very different depending on what or what hormones
exceed norm.
When an abrasiveness of the pituitary hormones:
- High level prolactin (hyperprolactinemia)
In women manifests a disorder of the menstrual cycle, infertility,
lactation (milk gland swelling and milk secretion). In men
Hyperprolactinemia leads to a decrease in sexual entry, impotence.
- An excess of a somatotropic hormone (STG) gave the world of giants. If the disease begins at an early age, then giantism arises, if in a mature - acromegaly.
According to the book of Records, Guinies, the highest man was Robert
Pokhing Wozlou, born in 1918 in the US. His growth was
272 centimeters (sweating of hands 288 centimeters). However, according to
Domestic Book of Records Divo, the highest in world history was
Russian citizen Fyodor Makhov. His growth was 2 meters
85 centimeters with weight 182 kilograms. With acromegaly in the patient
brushes hands and feet thicken, facial features become large,
Internal organs increase. This is accompanied by violations of work
Hearts, neurological disorders.
- Improving the level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) leads to the disease Incenko-Cushing.
This severe disease is manifested by osteoporosis, increasing
blood pressure, development of diabetes, mental
Violations. The disease is accompanied by characteristic appearance changes:
Weighing legs and hands, obesity in the abdomen, shoulders, as well as.
Causes of pituitary diseases
To
understand the causes of the pituitary disease, it is necessary to remember that
It is part of the brain. Over it takes visual nerves,
From the side of the sides - large brain vessels and eye-minded nerves.
The reason for excess the pituitary hormones in most
Cases is a tumor of the pituitire itself - adenoma. At the same time increases
The level of that hormone or hormones that produce adenoma cells,
whereas the level of all other hormones can significantly decrease
Due to the compression of the remainder of the pituitary. Growing adenoma is dangerous yet
and in what squeezes the visiting nerves, vessels
and brain structures. Practically all patients with adenoma are
Headaches often meet visual disorders.
Reasons The shortage of pituitary hormones can be:
- Blood defects,
- hemorrhage,
- Congenital underdevelopment of pituitary gland,
- meningitis or encephalitis,
- Putting of pituitary tumor,
- brain-brain injury,
- Some medicines,
- irradiation,
- surgical intervention.
How to diagnose and treatment of pituitary diseases
Diagnostic
And the treatment of diseases of the pituitary gland is engaged in an endocrinologist. At
The first handling doctor will collect history (complaints, information
On transferred diseases and hereditary predisposition)
and on the basis of this will prescribe the necessary study of the hormonal
Profile (blood test for hormones), Tyroliberin test, test
with synacten and t.D. If necessary, a computer can be appointed
Tomography of the brain, magnetic resonance tomography head
Brain and others.
Treatment of diseases of the pituitary
to normalize the level of hormones in the blood, and in the case of adenoma -
Reducing the pressure of the tumor on the brain surrounding structures. At
The disadvantage of pituitary hormones is applied by replacement hormone
Therapy: A person give medicines-analogues of the desired hormones. Such treatment
often lasts life. Fortunately, the pituitary tumors are extremely rare
There are malignant. Nevertheless, their treatment is a difficult task for
Doctor.
The following methods and their combination are used in the treatment of pituitary tumors:
- Drug therapy;
- Surgical treatment - tumor removal;
- Methods of radiation therapy.
