Dangerous and extreme situations arise both independently of humans (natural cataclysms) and in its immediate participation. Personality in extreme situations can suffer greatly, and our task is to be able to provide first psychological assistance.
Content
Our world is unsafe. It happens air and car accidents, natural cataclysms, people commit terrorist acts. People who have fallen into extreme situations require significant psychological assistance (in any extreme situations it turns out to be at any stage — Even, for example, while pulling out a man from a break or salvation from a burning building). Fortunately, primary assistance can be provided not only by professionals. Everyone who has at least a small idea of what dangerous and extreme situations can help someone who survived the catastrophe. Sometimes such a side face, which came immediately after the upheaval, turns out to be the most important in the rehabilitation of the victim of a terrible incident.
Types of dangerous and extreme situations
To begin with, we define the terminology.
Extreme situation — These are the circumstances at which there is a threat to life, health and human property.
There is an official classification of extreme situations and disasters. The biggest one — Natural (natural) and artificial. However, regardless of the cause of their origin, people who have fallen into extreme situations get serious psychological injuries. Personality in extreme situations is always exposed to deformation and testing.
- Natural disasters. Divided into:
- Meteorological (frost, storms, hurricanes, snowfall, drought, heat, etc.);
- tectonic and television (tsunami, earthquake, fires, volcanic eruptions);
- topological (snow ribs, villages, landslides, floods);
- Space (meteorites and other space catastrophes).
- Artificial catastrophes. Divided into:
- manufacturing (chemical, radiation, bacteriological, thermal, mechanical);
- transport (automobile, rail, aviation, on fleet, cosmic);
- social (terrorist, hunger, public unrest, drug addiction, alcoholism);
- Specific (epidemic and war).
Regardless of the type, extreme situations lead to the same basic human reaction.
Personality features in extreme situations
People who fell into terrible extreme situations are experiencing several basic emotions, the strongest of which — fear. Man in nature is arranged so that he, like any animal, needs security. The predictability of the next hour, day, weeks, month and even years of life is the basis of psychological sustainability. The catastrophe violates the measuring course of life, and the person finds itself in the situation of unknown. And the unknown scares. Under the influence of fear, a person in extreme situations demonstrates various types of mental reactions. He can panic, fall into a stupor, show aggression, cry, see hallucinations and wander. Each reaction requires its way to interact with the victim of a catastrophe or accident. However, the faster the victim will be rendered psychological assistance, the higher the probability that it will fully restore. Dangerous, emergency and extreme situations happen not so rarely, as we would like, so it is very important not to lose and start rehabilitizing the victim of the incident as early as possible.
Psychological assistance in extreme situations
So what can do for the sacrifice of any of us? Contrary to the idea that only a qualified psychologist can help, in primary psychological assistance in extreme situations there is nothing exemplable.
People who have fallen in trouble need a different person next to them. Helps you need to keep calm and share it with the victim. It is imperative to listen to the ability to listen. If the victim of the catastrophe wants to speak, listen to it as much as it takes, fill her feelings («I'm scared!» — «I understand that you are scared. I would also be very frightened».). If a person is not against, touch it: take the hand, hug, let me rely on you. A person who has just experienced a terrible incident is important to support, both physical and psychological. He should feel that not everything in the world collapses that there is a stability somewhere, even if her feeling here is lost now.
Of course, with the first opportunity, you should pass the victim in the hands of a professional. However, for a minute, do not leave the catastrophe victim one. The presence of a living person who is ready to just be close to himself
