Ways of infection trichinelles. Forms of existence and symptoms of the disease. Diagnosis and treatment of trichinosis.
Content
This is a disease
meets in all countries, especially where the population uses in
Food Pork, Barschye and Bear Meat. Trichinells adapted to very
A wide range of owners: parasitize in 70 species of mammals. More
Togo, scientists have registered trichinells of a new, vigorous species, and
also inclusion of a parasite in the life cycle of different types of birds. In Russia
There is a tendency of more frequent infection of pigs. My
Viability with favorable conditions for them, trikins can
save up to 20 or more years.
Sources of infection
Trichinosis
refer to natural focal diseases, as the main carriers
and sources are wild animals (bear, badger, boar). Same
A significant role in the dissemination of the disease is played by insects that
enter the organism of animals together with vegetable food. Pigs
infected with tricheniralosis when eating raw garbage and food residues, and
Also from rats.
Ways of infection trichinelles
Infection
a person occurs when eating raw or past
Insufficient thermal processing of wild animals and pigs, which
Contains the larvae of this helminth (kebab, smoked, sausages,
Sophisticated and boiled sausage). Pure fat animals does not contain
Triynell larvae, whereas smoked and salty fat fat
streaks to use extremely dangerous. From one person to another
Trichinelle is not transmitted.
Forms of existence
The development of trichinell in humans and animals occurs the same type and includes intestinal, migration and muscular phases:
- Intestinal phase. Infection occurs when eating meat containing
Encapsulated larvae trichinell. In the process of digestion in the stomach and
The duodenal intestine of the capsule is destroyed, which takes approximately 1
hour. Young Trichinells, being in the lumen of duodenal,
ripen for 3-4 days, after which the females begin to postpone
Lichwood. This process lasts from 10 to 45 days, and after its end
Females are shortly dying. The term of the intestinal stage - 42-56 days. Female
postpones up to 2100 larvae;
- Migration phase. Lymphatic paths are in the current
blood and spread throughout the body. Migration them start approximately
on day 6 from the moment of infection;
-
Muscular phase. The sedimentation of the larvae occurs in transverse and striped
muscles. The first, while still a few larvae appear there already on
6-7 days. They are unevenly distributed, preferring the Mimic,
respiratory, chewing muscles, diaphragm, limb flexors.
Axes in muscles, larvae increase in size about 10 times,
twisted in the spiral and by 17-18 days they become able to infect
next owner. By 3-4 weeks around the larvae formed capsules,
the wall of which a year later covered with lime. In such a type of larva
remains viable up to 25 years. Those larvae who did not get into
muscles fast dying. In the human body helminths on not
develop. To continue the life cycle, they need to get into
Rat's intestines or pig. In the organisms of these animals occurs
The main period of the existence of Trichinelle.
Symptoms of the course of the disease
Severity
trichinosis disease depends on the number of larvae in
organism. Deadly dose for man – 5 larvae per 1 kg of mass
Patient. Symptoms of the disease depends on the stage of development of Trichinelle
in the human body.
Three stages of development of trichinylsees are distinguished:
- Stage 1 (invasion): develops a week after infection when
Half-green helminths are actively multiplied. There is a loss
appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and colic;
- Stage 2 (dissertation): comes 10 days after infection,
when trichinells penetrate through the mucous membrane of the small intestine and
Migrate in cross-striped muscles. This stage is characterized by swelling
Persons (especially eyelids), muscle pain (primarily in hand and legs),
rash on the skin, itching, burning, temperature rise to 38-40 s. IN
Heavy cases are affected by respiratory, cardiovascular,
central nervous system;
-
Stage 3 (encapsulation): comes during recovery,
Usually a week after the second stage. But in the muscles of a man capsule
Leave large erosion. Triynell's larvae with blood current are spread
all the body and stop in skeletal muscles in certain
muscle groups. Most often larvae hit the diaphragm, chewable,
intercostal and deltid muscles rarely – Muscles eye.
The consequences of parasitis
Trichinosis
gives complications on the respiratory tract, central nervous and
Cardiovascular system. With very hard course develop
Immunopathological reactions leading to diffuse focal
Myocarditis, Pneumonia, Meningoencefalitis. In rare cases, this
The disease leads to death.
Diagnostic methods
If
there is a suspicion of trichinellez, it is important to remember that the sick
used in food lately (pork or items from it, not
underwent sufficient heat treatment), and if there is an opportunity,
Explore the meat that consumed the patient. It is necessary to differentiate
Trichinelles from typhoid and paratifous infections, Orz, measles, rubella,
acute stage of other gelminths.
Laboratory research is played in diagnostics. On the
Stages of invasion in feces can be detected adult trichinells and their
Lichwood. Reliable method is the biopsy of muscle tissue and
Immunological reactions, especially skin-allergic test. Great
Methods of immununimal analysis (ELISA), to identify
Specific to trichinells of antibodies generated by the immune system
infected. Immunoglobulins class M appear after 14-15 days
After infection, the concentration of them reaches the maximum on October 4-12.
Persons with suspicion of trichinellosis with weakly bedrid or
A negative result is recommended to repeat the research of the ELISA through
10-14 days. U to the trichinosis of people specific antibodies
can be maintained up to 2 or more.
Treatment of trichinelosis
Specific
Treatment is carried out by the Mintizol (Tiaabendazole). Vermoks
(Nebentazol), Albendazole, who have a destructive effect
on intestinal trichinell and developing larvae released from capsules,
embryos in the uterus of fertilized females, so the greatest effect
observed in the first two weeks after infection. At the same time prescribe
Antihistamines. Corticosteroids are shown in developing
Myocardan, pneumonite (big doses, but short courses). But with light
The course of the disease is not prescribed, as they contribute to increasing
Reproductive activity of females of parasites and slow down the process
encapsulation. Sometimes with intensive invasion and insufficient treatment
anthelmintic drugs 1-2 weeks after the end of the sharp
Manifestations arise relapses associated with the resumption
reproductive activity of females remaining in the intestine. At
Setting the fact of re-infection is carried out by Vermoks.
Discharge patients after the restoration of motor ability,
Normalization of the ECG and the functions of the internal organs, under observation
infectious examination with the recommendation of restriction of physical exertion (after
severe trichinellosis), as muscle pains can be saved in
2-6 months.
Trichinleza Prevention
For
trichinosis infection warnings should be prepared correctly
Pork, wild boar meat, badgers, nutria, bears, others
omnivorous and carnivory animals. Store raw pork meat and products from
it follows frozen. So that trichinells died, temperature
inside meat when cooking should be at least 65s, its color
must change with pink on gray. Fighting trichinelles
lies in the destruction of rats living in a pigsty, check
coming for sale meat. Do not buy meat products without
Stamps on carcasses and ham.
Lichwood
Trichinell easily tolerate long-term cooling, warming, salting and
Smoking meat. To destroy them can cook for at least two
half hours with thickness of pieces of no more than 8 cm. Prepare Shashil
It is necessary with the use of vinegar, which kills trichinell larvae.
Trichinells in meat are very resistant to external influences, more than
bovine or pork cystisserki. With the usual temperature of frozen meat
(-10 c) larvae «Trichinella spiralis» Survive long, at -12 from to 57
days, at -18 from to 21 hours. Lichwood «Trichinella Nativa» withstand
freezing to -23 s for 3 days, and at -16 with they save
Invasionship for 20 months. At temperatures above +50 with larvae
survive for a few minutes, but you need to remember that when
Preparation of meat dishes Such a temperature is achieved in the depths of a piece
far from always. During the ambassador, the larvae can be kept in the depths of a piece
up to 1 year.
Courses
treatment of parasitosis drugs have heavy side
Effects: inxication syndrome, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain,
Allergic reactions, violation of blood composition, neurological
disorders.
