Despite the constant update of the arsenal antibiotics, the abscess of the lung - the picture is not so rare in the pulmonology. What can cause the formation of the lung abscess, its pathogenesis, the causes that promote the disease - in our article.
Content
Abscess light — severe purulent necrotic disease, quite often occurring in our time. Despite the continuous update of the arsenal of antibiotics, this disease remains the relevant problem of modern pulmonology.
Light abscess: etiology
Establish than the abscess of the lung is caused, to recognize its etiology, it is extremely difficult. Undoubtedly one, regardless of the causes of occurrence, it is the result of the life of microorganisms, more often than hemolytic and golden staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Intestinal sticks or a protest. Often there is anaerobic microbes here that oenless insulation inside the abscess does not interfere with drawing terrible paintings in the lungs. Even when the abscess is becoming a continuation of postgrippose pneumonia, wine is placed on bacteria, and not on the influenza virus.
And sharp and chronic lung abscesses have general etiology. Chronic umnik — This is only the result of a tightened acute inflammation caused by the same as before, microbes.
Light abscess: pathogenesis
Most often, the formation of lung abscesses is preceded by a picture of focal pneumonia, supported by intoxication, common overwork, stress, impairment of the nervous system. Collapse Parenchima lungs leads to a decrease in local immunity, penetration of pathogenic microbes in tissue and their purulent melting.
Abscess light — Picture drawn by necrosis of pulmonary fabric. With high resistance of the body, that is, the ability to resist diseases, destroyed tissues are carefully isolated from healthy with a piogenic capsule. Affinic is formed, more often, but in some cases the lung segment turns out to be literally unfarshed such formations. Lung fabrics surrounding abscesses are also involved in the pathological process, but here inflammation takes place without such devastating consequences.
If the abscess of light develops against the background of the infarction of the lung, the leading role is played by circulatory disorder, the infection is joined later, going down to the place of disaster through the bronchical tree.
Thus, in the pathogenesis of acute abscess of the lung play various factors, and regardless of the prevailing, subsequently join the rest.
Light abscess: classification
Depending on the paths of penetration of microbes in the tissue of the lung, as well as the reasons leading to inflammation, lung abscesses classly classify:
- Bronchogenic Lung abscesses, in the etiology of which involve the participation of bronchi (60-80%).
- Hematogenic-embolistic, arising from the rendering of microbes into the lungs from other remote foci of inflammation, as well as during the blockage of pulmonary vessels, impaired pulmonary circulation and the development of the lung infarction (1.5-9%).
- Traumatic abscesses, Emerging in injuries of lungs and penetrating injuries.(1.1%).
Bronchogenic lung abscesses, classification
Depending on the prevailing mechanism of the occurrence, the bronchogenic abscesses of the lungs are classified:
- Aspiration abscesses — The most frequent, in which the microbes are descending into the lungs by bronchoms from the overlying respiratory tract departments. This mechanism is involved in inhalation of foreign bodies from the oral cavity, pharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, bronchi. After entering the lungs, in the absence of a productive cough, the infected material is fixed in bronchioles, causing a decrease in their ventilation and thereby creating favorable conditions for the development of microbes and inflammation. An example is the abscess of the lung, the pictures of which are unfolding against the background of bronchogenic pneumonia.
- Obstructive The lung abscesses, in the pathogenesis of which the main importance is the blockage of bronchi by a foreign body, a tumor or sharp and resistant narrowing of bronchi, accompanied by violation of the processes of self-cleaning of the bronchial tree and creating conditions for activating the local pathogenic flora (up to 1%).
Bronchogenic abscess of the lungs, causes of development
So, with the aspiration of microbes and the blockage of the bronchi infected material, the bronchiogenic abscess of the lung occurs, but what reasons interfere with the easiest to be freed from foreign bodies? Fixing pathogenic material in the lungs contributes to the absence of a productive cough against the background of a decrease in cough reflex.
- Cheated consciousness during alcohol intoxication. Abscess lungs are most often combined with alcoholism.
- Reducing the cough reflex for diseases of the central nervous system, skull injuries, coma, stroke.
- It is possible to develop an abscess of lung due to long-term immobilization, with long-term bed mode, restricting the mobility of the chest, elder decrees.
A favorable background for the formation of abscess create chronic respiratory diseases, causing a violation of bronchopulmonary ventilation and supporting the existence of infection, for example, bronchial asthma, emphysema, pneumosclerosis, chronic bronchitis. Often an abscess of light develops due to and against the background of circulatory disorders in the lungs on the background of heart defects, blood diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis.
