Liver cirrhosis - liver disease, characterized by violation of the structure of the liver due to the growth of the connective tissue; manifests functional liver failure.
Content
Causes of liver cirrhosis
- Chronic alcoholism
- Viral hepatitis
- Toxic effects of industrial poisons, medicines (methotrexate, isoniazide, etc.), mycotoxins, etc.
- venous stagnation in the liver associated with long and severe heart failure
-
Hereditary diseases — hemochromatosis, hepatocerebral dystrophy,
Insufficiency of air-single-antitrypsin, galactosemia, glycogenosis, etc.
- long-term damage
Approximately 50% of patients with liver cirrhosis develops due to action
several causal factors (more often than hepatitis B and alcohol virus).
Manifestations of liver cirrhosis
Complaints
on weakness, increased fatigue, decrease in working capacity and
Appetitis, dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, bitterness in the mouth,
Ottage, intolerance of oily food, alcohol). Characterized
gravity or abdominal pain, mainly in the right hypochondrium and
Plot area. Among the signs of the liver cirrhosis, the value is so
Called «Hepatic signs» in the form of reddening palms, vascular «starfish» (mainly on the skin of the upper half of the body).
Often observed blood hemorrhage, as well as increased
Bleeding of mucous membranes. Skin itching, pain in
joints, reducing hair cover in the area of the axillary depression and
pubic, reduced sexual entry. Body temperature rises moderately
or remains within normal.
Often there is asthenic
Syndrome, manifested by weakness, increased fatigue,
irritability, tear, instability of mood. Sick
impressionable, often offended, picky, suspicious, prone to
hysterical reactions. Characteristic sleep violation — insomnia at night,
Sleeping day.
The course of the liver cirrhosis is caused by colds, violation of the mode, alcohol consumption.
Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis
Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in the early
Stages are considerable difficulties, since the disease
develops gradually and at first does not have pronounced manifestations.
Significant in recognition of the liver cirrhosis have
Ultrasound, X-ray and radionuclide methods
Research. Quite accurate information about the liver condition during cirrhosis
can be obtained using computed tomography. Radionuclide
Studying liver — Scyntigraphy by its informativeness is inferior
ultrasound examination and computed tomography, however
The difference from them it allows you to estimate the function of the organ. Decisive B
Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis value is a liver tissue study,
obtained at puncture biopsy — blind or targeted conducted
under the control of ultrasound or with laparoscopy.
Treatment of liver cirrhosis
Limit
Mental and physical exertion. With general good condition
Cepeutive walking, medical gymnastics. Women with active
Cirrhosis of the liver must avoid pregnancy.
Compensated
Inactive cirrhosis of the liver of medication treatment, as a rule, not
requires. In addition, it should generally limit the reception
medicines, especially soothing. At sub-
Decompensated liver cirrhosis Choosing medicinal therapy
determined by the nature of the main manifestations of the disease. When
Low protein content in the blood is prescribed anabolic steroids,
Transfusion of albumin and plasma solutions. The presence of anemia is
indication to the appointment of iron preparations. Under edema and ascite
limit the fluid intake, exclude from the diet to the cook salt,
Assign diuretics (hypothiazide, furosemide) in combination with
Aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone). Paracentesis produced by
life testimony, releasing simultaneously no more than 3 l liquid.
Apply
Also so-called hepatoprotectors — Vitamins group B, Orotional
Acid, extracts and hydrolyzates of the liver, silibinin (leng),
Esssential and other. In the event of the activity of the process, the same
funds as in chronic active hepatitis, the main ones
are hormones (prednisone) and immunosuppressants (Azatioprin et al.).
Their effectiveness is in the reverse dependence on the depth
Structural restructuring of liver tissue and in far stages
liver cirrhosis is close to zero. To prevent infections to all patients
with liver cirrhosis for any interventions (tooth removal,
RectorOnoscopy, paracentsis and others.) Prophylactically prescribe
Antibiotics. Antibacterial therapy is also shown even with the lungs
infectious processes.
General Tips for patient cirrhosis of the liver:
- Relax as soon as you feel fatigue.
- Do not raise gravity (it can provoke gastrointestinal bleeding.
-
Get the frequency of the chair 1-2 times a day. Patient cirrhosis liver for
Normalization of the intestinal work and the composition of the intestinal flora in favor «Useful» Bacteria It is recommended to take Lactulose (Duhalak).
Duhalak is prescribed in the dose that causes soft, semi-mounted
Chair 1-2 times a day. Dose ranges from 1-3 teaspoons up to 1-3
tablespoons per day, selected individually. There is no drug
Contraindications, it can be taken even to small children and pregnant women
Women.
- To improve digestion with patients with liver cirrhosis, polyfermenic drugs are prescribed. When a fluid delay in the body (swelling, ascites) must be limited
receiving the table salt up to 0.5g per day, liquids - up to 1000-1500ml in
day.
- Measure the body weight daily, the abdomen on
Navel level (an increase in the volume of belly and body weight speaks of a delay
liquids);
- Daily consider the balance of fluid per day
(diuresis): Count the volume of the total inward liquid (tea,
coffee, water, soup, fruit and t.D.) and count all the liquid allocated
When urine. The amount of liquid released to be approximately
200-300 ml more than the amount of fluid received.
To control the degree of damage to the nervous system, it is recommended
use a simple test with handwriting: write a short one every day
phrase, for example, «Good morning» In a special notebook. Show your own
Notebook to relatives - when changing the handwriting, consult your attending
doctor.
- Exclude from meals: mineral waters,
sodium; alcohol; Salt, food must be prepared without
adding salt (bumps, crackers, cookies and
loaves, as well as baking oil); Bakery products
Powder and drinking soda (cakes, biscuit cookies, cakes, pastries and
ordinary bread); Sickles, Olives, Ham, Bacon, Solonin, Languages,
Oysters, Mussels, Herring, Fish and Meat Canned, Fish and Meat
Pate, sausage, mayonnaise, various beds and all types of cheeses,
ice cream.
- Recommended in cooking
Use seasonings: lemon juice, orange zest, onion, garlic,
Salad ketchup and mayonnaise, pepper, mustard, sage, cumin, parsley,
Mayran, bay leaf, carnation. 100 g of beef or meat is allowed
poultry, rabbit or fish and one egg per day (one egg can
replace 50 g meat). Milk is limited to 1 cup per day. Can
There is a non-fat sour cream. You can eat boiled rice (without salt). Allowed
Any vegetables and fruits in a fresh form or in the form of dishes prepared in
Home Conditions.
Exemplary menu for a day for patient with cirrhosis of the liver:
-
Breakfast: cigarette porridge (semolina, buckwheat, millet, bunch, oat)
with cream and sugar or baked fruit. 60 g of baking bread,
or breadcruts (slices), or abolished crackers with unsalted oil and
Marmalade (jelly or honey), 1 egg, tea or coffee with milk.
- Lunch: 60 g beef or poultry meat or 90 g of white fish, potatoes, greens, fruits (fresh or baked.
- Afternoon school: 60 g of baking bread or bread, unsolved oil, jam or tomato, tea or coffee with milk.
-
Dinner: soup without salt, beef, poultry meat or fish (like on
lunch), potatoes, greens, fruits or jelly from fruit juice and
gelatin, sour cream, tea or coffee with milk
Prognosis for cirrhosis
Duration
Life with liver cirrhosis depends on the degree of compensation of the process.
Approximately half of patients with compensated (at the time of establishment
diagnosis) liver cirrhosis lives more than 7 years. With decompensated
Cyrrhosis in 3 years remains alive 11—41%. With the development of ascites only
The fourth part of the patients is experiencing 3 years. Even more unfavorable
The forecast has cirrhosis, accompanied by the defeat of the nervous system,
which patients in most cases die over the year. Maintenance
Causes of death during liver cirrhosis — Hepatic coma and bleeding from
Upper departments of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with cirrhosis of the liver
limitedly able-bodied (disability group III), and
decompensated cirrhosis of the liver, active forms of the disease and
Accession of complications — disabled (disability II and I
Groups).
Prevention of liver cirrhosis
lies in the prevention and timely treatment of diseases,
leading to liver cirrhosis (primarily alcoholism and viral
hepatitis).
