The main and accurate method of diagnosing cholera is a bacteriological study, which is carried out in order to highlight the pathogen. Serological methods are minor character. The main methods of treatment of cholera are aimed at restoring the volume of circulating blood and electrolytes.
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Methods of diagnosis cholera
During, epidemic outbreak, the diagnosis of cholera in the presence of characteristic manifestations of difficulties difficulties does not represent and can be made on the basis of only clinical symptoms. The diagnosis of the first cases of cholera in the area, where it was not before, should be necessarily confirmed by bacteriological methods.
In settlements where cholera cases have already been registered, cholera and acute gastrointestinal diseases should be revealed actively at all stages of medical care, as well as through household traverses with medical workers and sanitary authorized. In identifying a patient with a gastrointestinal disease, urgent measures are taken for its hospitalization.
The main method of laboratory diagnostics of cholera - bacteriological research in order to highlight the pathogen. Serological methods have auxiliary value and can be used mainly for retrospective diagnostics. For bacteriological research, feces and vomit takes. If it is impossible to deliver the material to the laboratory in the first 3 hours after taking, preservative environments are used (alkaline pepton water, etc.).
The material is collected in the individual washed with disinfecting solutions of the vessel, on the bottom of which are placed smaller in size, disinfailed with boiling, vessel or parchment sheets. Selection (10-20 ml) with metal disinflected spoons are collected into sterile glass jars or test tubes closed with a dense stopper. In patients with gastroenteritis, you can take material from the rectum with the help of a rubber catheter. For active taking of material use rectal wadded tampons, tubes.
Examination of healthy and recovered persons
During the survey of reconstruction and healthy persons in contact with the sources of infection, the salt laxative (20-30 g of magnesium sulfate) is pre-allowed. When shipping, the material is placed in a metal container and transported in special transport with the accompanying. Each sample is supplied with a label, which indicates the name and surname of the patient, the name of the sample, place and time of capture, the alleged diagnosis and the surname of the cluttered material. In the laboratory, the material is seeded on liquid and dense nutrient media for the allocation and identification of pure culture. A positive answer is given in 12-36 hours, negative - after 12-24 hours.
For serological studies, the reaction of agglutination and determination of the titer of vibrabiocide antibodies. It is better to explore paired serums taken with an interval of 6-8 days. From accelerated methods of laboratory diagnostics of cholera, methods of immunofluorescence, immobilization, microhydutination in phase contrast.
Treatment methods cholera
The basic principles of therapy of patients with cholera are the restoration of the circulating blood and electrolyte composition of the tissues, the impact on the pathogen. Treatment must be started in the first hours from the beginning of the disease. With severe dehydration, it is necessary to rehydrate immediately by intravascular administration of isotonic polyionic solutions.
Cholera's therapy includes primary rehydration (replenishment of water and salts lost before treatment) and corrective compensatory rehydration (correction of continuing water and electrolyte losses). Rehydration is considered as a resuscitation event.
