Tuberculosis is widespread in Russia. The most common pulmonary form of this disease develops in people with a weakened immunity - their body is not able to withstand infections. You can get infected when contacting a sick person. Especially sharpened tuberculosis in spring and autumn, in these periods, infection is most likely.
Content
Symptoms
Symptoms of tuberculosis are: constantly
Increased temperature (not higher than 38c), headache, weight loss,
absence of appetite, cough (both dry and with a mocroid, with blood in
sputum), shortness of breath, sweating at night. Mood differences appear,
irritability, reduced performance.
Can manifest only
1-2 symptom, and optional it will be cough. Therefore, when
The appearance of one of the listed symptoms is not recommended
to be treated independently and consult a doctor to in time
diagnose possible tuberculosis and start it timely
treatment.
Diagnostics
Simple Tuberculosis Check – reaction
Mantu. 72 hours after the test, Mantu can be determined whether
Organization tuberculosis infection. However, this method has a very
Low accuracy.
The study of smears under the microscope either can also be a benchmark:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is easy to confuse with other types of bacteria and
Release wrong diagnosis.
Sowing sputum often helps to diagnose tuberculosis, however
Bacteria tuberculosis «grow up» not always, so there is here
risk of false negative analysis.
Most often, for the absence of the best, the usual pulmonary x-ray and inspection of the patient use for tuberculosis to examine.
In a specialized clinic, it is possible to determine the titer of antibodies to
Tuberculosis. This method allows you to identify the presence of immunity to
tuberculosis and find out whether vaccination has been effective.
Reliability – about 75%.
The most modern method – PCR (polymerase chain reaction). This is
DNA diagnostics, when the patient's sputum is taken on the analysis. Result
You can find out after 3 days, accuracy – 95-100%.
Treatment of tuberculosis
Treat
Tuberculosis is independently impossible — With uncontrolled reception
Drugs in Koch sticks (mycobacterium tuberculosis) develops
Drug resistance and cure tuberculosis becomes much
more difficult.
Treatment of ordinary (sensitive drugs) tuberculosis takes not
less than 6 months, and sometimes tightened to 2 years. For oppression infection
therapy should be carried out systematically, without pause, then tuberculosis is not
will be able to progress.
When tuberculosis is detected, the patient is placed in the hospital where he
spends about two months — During this time, the active
Allocation of tuberculosis bacteria. When the patient ceases to represent
a threat to the health of others
Ambulator continues.
Treatment of conventional tuberculosis is carried out according to a specific scheme, in it
These drugs like isoniazide, rifampicin, pyrazinamide,
Streptomycin and ethambutol. The doctor selects an individual combination
preparations that the patient will have to take within 2-3
months, treatment takes place in the hospital.
If after this
time treatment did not bring due effect or the effect is very weak,
which is due to the resistance of the infection to one or another drug,
Chemotherapy are appropriate changes. In such cases
is replaced by one or more drugs or the way they change
Introduction (intravenous, inhalation).
If, on the contrary, after 2-3
months of reception of drugs observed a positive effect, during
The next 4 months are prescribed only isoniazide and rifampicin. By
The end of the course of treatment of the patient again gives tests and, if the wand
Koche will be detected, it means that tuberculosis moved to
Drug.
Treatment resistant to tuberculosis forms is delayed for years.
Depending on how the drugs are stable bacterium
Tuberculosis, to the main drugs (isoniazide, rifampicin) add
So-called second-row preparations – Ofloxacin, Caprimitsin,
ethionamide, cycloserine, PASK.
The preparations of the second row are much more expensive than
Conventional medicines from tuberculosis, and treatment can cost about 10
$ 000. You can take these drugs only in the complex, otherwise it will not be
Effect.
Surgical intervention for the treatment of tuberculosis is extremely rare, because the effectiveness of this method is extremely low.
Previously, an integral element of the treatment of tuberculosis was spa treatment. Nowadays treatment in sanatoriums
is only an additional means of fighting the disease.
But if
the patient refuses hospitalization when it really
It is necessary, the medical institution has the right through the court to send
Patient for compulsory treatment in the anti-tuberculous clinic. This
Practice is used everywhere for the treatment of irresponsible patients
and
Providing health nation.
Of great importance in the cure of the disease has proper nutrition. In the diet
The patient should include meat, fish dishes, vegetables and fruits. Alcohol
And smoking is categorically contraindicated.
Since the patient often loses
Appetite for tuberculosis, it is recommended to eat products
rich in vitamins that have the property to excite appetite: infusion
Rosehip, Fish Fat, Prostokvash, Kefir.
Hidden infection
If
a person has a strong immunity, then after infection he is not
Dreams immediately, but remains almost healthy, although infection
continues to stay in the body. So can last all life and
so never pour into tuberculosis.
The impetus to the development of tuberculosis can serve as strong stress,
Failure of nutrition, long-term ribs. Most people are not even
suspect that Koch wand in their body. So try to always support your health in the norm that already
will counteract the development of the disease.
We can
Soothe: An ordinary cold causes a decrease in immunity, but
not enough to start tuberculosis. So that the wand koche
multiply, weakening immunity should be long and combined
With bad living conditions — poor-quality food, lack of fresh
air, hard work in polluted rooms.
Prevention of tuberculosis
Tuberculosis — Poverty disease I
Antisanitaries. To protect yourself from this disease, you need to take care of
His immunity — strong immunity in a state independently
defeat koche wand if she falls into the body. So that immunity could
cope with the disease, you need to eat efficiently and diverse,
take vitamins, walk a lot and engage in any sport.
Leading role in the distribution of drug-resistant tuberculosis
Prisons play. Treatment of prisoners is often carried out incorrectly either
The patients themselves incorrectly take medicine and as a result of tuberculosis
With multiple drug stability applies to
Geometric progression.
Finding into the air, Koch wand preserves vitality within 10
Days – For example, in street dust. But in the absence of sunlight
bacteria live much longer – a few months.
You can get infected only when inhaling the air in which there are
Microscopically small droplets of saliva and sputum. Happen
infection or not — It depends on how many bacteria fell into
Lungs, the body will be able to suppress them or not.
If for a long time
To be in the same room with a sick danger to getting increasing
factor of — That is why so «Flowers» Tuberculosis in prisons. The worse
The room is ventilated, the longer the bacteria remain in the air.
It is impossible to infect with handshake with sick on the street. BUT B
the room where the air is almost immobile, tactile contact and
The use of general item items increases significantly
infection.
A person can get sick tuberculosis by eating milk from cows,
Patients with tuberculosis. Recommended: Do not buy milk «W
Hosts», who trade in places not intended for trade — them
The goods are not undergoing sanitary and epidemiological control and no one
guarantees you the safety of their products.
Culture of communication
If among your friends there are someone who
sick with tuberculosis, be tolerant of it. A man probably suffers
from the fact that everyone surrounding shakes aside, barely cough.
Of course, we all scary with tuberculosis, but you need to remember that
A normal conscious person will never appear in
Society, knowing what is dangerous to others. Therefore, patients who
Work or learn with other people, most likely, can no longer
infect.
Very often, people even after the successful cure of the disease
For many years they suffer from undeservedly disgusting attitude of others.
Of course, natural dishes and fear of incanying anywhere
hide, but if you really fell to communicate with a person who sick
Tuberculosis, we advise you still try, find in yourself
forces not to show your attitude to his already former disease, not
offend him with his attitude.
