Types of paralysis

Paralysis

From a clinical point of view, paralysis is characterized by severity, durability and prevalence. It can be full or partial, irreversible or transient, localized or common. When paralysis is detected on the side, the opposite side of the lesion of the central nervous system, they say the cross (contralateral) paralysis. Impristed (ipsilateral) paralysis is observed from the same side as the focus of defeat. In his original sense, such terms as «Monoplegia», «Hemiplegia» or «paraplegia», Indicate the prevalence or type of paralysis, but they began to be used to designate the parties and the number of affected limbs. Hemiplegia is paralysis of the face, hands or feet on one side of the body, monoplegia - paralysis of one part of the body or one limb. Term «Diplegia» Used to designate bilateral paralysis of the same part of the body (for example, both legs or both hands). Tetraplegia indicates paralysis of all four limbs. Term «paraplegia» Recently, it is usually used to designate a partial or complete paralysis of both lower extremities, sometimes in combination with paralysis of the bottom of the body, the causes of which are diseases or spinal cord injuries.

None of these clinical types is an independent disease - this is a syndrome, the cause of which can be a variety of factors. Nevertheless, there are separate types of paralysis representing independent diseases. These include Parkinson's disease (tender paralysis), poliomyelitis (children's paralysis), Bella Paralysis, Bulbarium Paralysis, Pseudobulbar Palsy, Family periodic paralysis, paralysis due to lesions of shoulder plexus, children's cerebral palsy and many congenital or hereditary diseases.

Types of paralysis

Palsy Bella - Peripheral paralysis facial arising from the lesion of the facial nerve. It is quite common; The cause of it can be a number of factors: supercooling, polyneuropathy, infection (especially diphtheria or pig), malignant tumors, vascular or degenerative bridge lesions (parts of the brain barrel). The disease may occur as a result of injury or operation. However, in most cases, the reason remains unknown. With the defeat of the facial nerve, the full paralysis of the muscles appears on one half of the person; As a result, the eye does not close, it is hampered by speech and food. Bilateral paralysis is rarely observed. Atrophy of the paralyzed muscles can start in about two weeks. The course and forecast depends on the cause of the disease. Paralysis of the face due to the disease of the ear or injury can be irreversible. But in most cases, the disease is transient; The function of the facial muscles is restored for several weeks. For treatment, corticosteroids, salicylates, local heat, protection of the unbreakable eyes and electrotherapy, supporting the tone of paralyzed muscles.

Bulbarium paralysis happens sharp or progressive. Acute Bulbarium Palsy - one of the forms of polio. The disease amazes the oblongable brain and the bridge, especially the core of the bulbar nerves, which leads to paralysis of the language, lips, soft nose, larynx and pharynx. It begins, as a rule, suddenly from headache, dizziness, chills and fever, but without muscle pain. Pulse and breathing become arrhythmic. The voice acquires a nasal shade, we are taking an inseparable, the patient is not able to keep food in the mouth, the liquid is torn through the nose, swallowing and breathing are disturbed. Bulbarium paralysis can be accompanied by hemiplegia or monopilegia. Frequently, death from suffocation may occur in the first few days. In light cases there is a restoration and only partial paralysis remains.

Progressive Bulbarium Paralysis meets less often, his cause is unknown. More often it is observed in men from 40 to 60 years. The disease slowly progresses with the development of bilateral paralysis of muscles. Muscles of the language, lips, pharynx and larynx atrophy. Voice changes, the difficulties of speech, chewing, swallowing. Death comes within one to three years. Specific treatment does not exist.

Pseudobulbar paralysis. With pseudobulbar paralysis, the same muscles are affected as with a bulbar, but there are no atrophy of the muscles of the face and language, there are no faccification (spontaneous reductions). Syndrome occurs when bilateral lesion of the surgery. May be accompanied by a spastic diplege of hands or legs, inadequate motor expression of emotions, such as spasmodic laughter or violent crying.

Family periodic paralysis (Family Misoplate) - Rare Disease of Unknown Nature. It usually occurs at a young age and often amazes several members of one family. The attacks start predominantly at night and last 12-24 h. Slissed paralysis, starting with the legs, gradually spreads up and captures on the upper limbs. Sometimes heart and respiratory muscles are affected. Muscles innervated by cranial nerves, do not be involved in the process. Fever, mental or sensory disorders are absent. If the attack is not fatal, rapid recovery occurs. The weakening of the attacks continues from several weeks to several months, then a new attack. The intervals between the attacks gradually increase. Because in exacerbation, the level of potassium serum is reduced, the introduction of potassium chloride allows you to speed up the restoration. Recurrements can be prevented by daily intake of potassium chloride and avoiding situations leading to a reduction in serum potassium level - for example excess carbohydrate consumption.

Paralyus due to lesion of shoulder plexus It may occur during labor injury, and in adults - with the defeat of nerve fibers, walking out of the fifth and sixth cervical roots (in this case, the upper part of the hand suffers) or from the eighth cervical and first breast roots (then the lower part of the hand suffers ... Parables of shoulder plexus are accompanied by pronounced pain syndrome and vascular disorders.