What is flatfoot? What the planefield happens? What complications of flatfoot exist? How to treat flatfoot? Answers to these questions you will find in the article.
Content
Flatfoot
Such
Verdict doctors are grown for most parents: beautiful gait
Child under threat. Ah, if it were only about cosmetic
Problem... Unfortunately, the sealing of the foot of the foot is serious and insidious
Pathology capable of affecting almost the whole musculoskeletal
Apparatus. Than dangerous this disease? How to recognize it? And give in to Lie
It is treatment?
Unfortunately, flatfoot is one of the most common
Deviations from the norm in the development of the musculoskeletal system. Here
Disappointing statistics: from 1.5 million children's population
Moscow it was detected in 9 thousand guys. And about 2 thousand young patients
complain of pain in the legs. First of all, let's figure it out that
imply under this pathology?
Flatfoot is the deformation of the foot at which
Reduction (flattening) of its arch. To better understand the nature of the disease,
We will analyze some anatomical features of the foot. In the process of evolution
She acquired a form that allows you to evenly distribute body weight.
The bones of the feet are interconnected with durable interceptional ligaments (this
Fibrous formations from connective tissue presented as
Bunch of bones) and form its arch, which provides
depreciation of movements when walking and running. Convex vaults are oriented in
longitudinal and transverse directions. Therefore, the foot of an adult
Normally relies on three points - the heel borgon, the head of the 1st plus
bones and 5th tie bones. Severe two longitudinal and one transverse
Arch of foot. Internal and outdoor arches form a longitudinal arch of the foot,
And the front - transverse. Depending on their deformation distinguish
Longitudinal and transverse flatfoot.
With longitudinal, the outdoor and inner arches of the foot,
It increases its length and almost the entire area of the sole contacts with the floor.
In the transverse - the transverse arch, the front of the foot
Veryerly diverges and relies on the heads of five hanging bones.
In all children under two years old, the longitudinal arch of the foot is flat. That
state experts consider physiological, because bone tissue
kids soft, elastic. It contains few minerals,
who give the bones strength, and the muscular system is developed
Not enough. When children begin to get up on the legs (at 7-9 months) and
Self walk (at 10-12 months), the shock absorber function takes
myself «Fat cushion», Which is located on the sole, under the skin.
In 2-3 years, the bones are gaining enough mineral
substances, articular surfaces acquire normal outlines, ligaments
become more durable, and the power of the muscles allows you to be longer «on the
feet». The process of forming the bones of the foot continues to about 5-,
6 years of age. Only during this period you can talk about whether
Absence of flatfoot in a child.
What the planefield happens
Most often in children there is a longitudinal flatfoot. It happens
Congenital and acquired. Congenital form of the disease occurs
rarely and is a consequence of intrauterine defects of development. Reveal
her already in the hospital. In most cases, one foot is amazed, but sometimes
Ampare both. This pathology is expressed in the kids very noticeably:
Convex sole I «Released» outward foot. Treatment
Conducted from the first days of the child's life: the deformation is stages fixed
with gypsum dressings. If it does not help, resort to
Surgical intervention.
As for acquired longitudinal flatfoot, it may be:
Traumatic. Occurs after fractures of the bones of the foot and ankle joint.
Partial or complete damage to ligaments with similar injury as well
Long stay of a child in a gypsum bandage contribute to flather
Stop Archs.
Paralytic. There occurs on the basis of violations of central or peripheral nervous systems (more often - the consequences of polio).
Static. This is the most common form of pathology. Arises due to
overloads with a significant increase in body weight, as a rule,
obesity, endocrine disorders.
Rachitical. Occurs with the excess elasticity of ligaments and the weakening of the muscles
Stop Archs. The reason can serve as a lack of vitamins and
trace elements - with rickets or general exhaustion, as well as - with congenital pathology of connective tissue.
So, stop
It turned out to be deformed. What happens in the body? Bundles
Separate «Signals» nervous system about disadvantaged in this «Plot». In response, muscles get «Note» Join B «Fight» with
deforming forces - that is, strain as it should. But long
they are not able to withstand such a load, so they are quickly depleted,
relax and stretched. And the deforming force continues
Act now on bundles. Soon and there is a stretching
(especially if there is a congenital pathology of the connective tissue),
since without muscle support, they can not work for a long time. Now everything
The load falls on the bone. When and they do not stand, begins
Deformation from compression. By this time, the bundles are finally «dropped out» from
Building and deformation enters the final, irreversible phase. Gait
loses plasticity, smoothness. Children often complain of fatigue at
walking, pain in the field of ankle joints or legs, and often in
Loin. Some cannot clearly determine exactly where they
experience discomfort or pain, so do not complain, but just
Prefer calm, less mobile games. Deformation appears
ankle joint (it is also called Valgusny or X-shaped). At
The presence of one or more such signs requires consultation
Orthopedian doctor.
Sometimes the deformation of the foot may exist for many years (up to
Mature age) in no way showing herself. But sooner or later deterioration
will happen because the compensatory possibilities of the body are not
Unlimited.
In a child of 3 years (but not earlier) you can conduct initial diagnosis
pathology using the most common method - planography
(footprint). It is easy to do at home. On the floor
put a blank sheet of paper, and the baby becomes both legs on it.
It is better that the soles were wet, then there will be their clear on paper
Printed. Torso at the same time you need to keep straight legs together. Circuit
Stop in this position will be burned with a pencil. Then perpendicular
Contour lines are directly crossing the entire narrow part of the foot.
The easiest degree of deformation is the first. Well, the most severe and
Serious - Third.
X-ray shot for children is not done at this age. Firstly,
foot bones still not «Rawred», cartilage tissue on x-ray
The picture is not visible and appreciated the true height of the longitudinal arch
Difficult. And secondly, this method of diagnosis for a child
quite harmful, therefore it is performed only with serious testimony
and more often after 9 years.
Only to eliminate severe pain is allowed to use painkillers.
especially with far pathology, do not have. But it is necessary to be treated
Carefully, regularly and conscientiously. The earlier signs are identified
diseases than less deformation of the foot, the more favorable
Conditions for stopping the progression of flatfoot and its correction.
At the initial stage of pain in the legs can be eliminated within 1-2
months by warm daily foot baths with sea salt,
Manual Medical Massage and Gymnastics. As for the baths -
Requirements for them Simple: water temperature + 40-50 s, duration
procedures - 15-20 minutes, and the proportions of their components are indicated on
Packing and are different depending on the concentration of dry matter.
Self-massage will be very useful - good, for him
There are many devices (special mats, rollers,
balls). Exercises with them are performed arbitrarily (walk through massage
s rug, roll up the massage roller and t.D.). As a result, improving
blood circulation, normalizes muscle tone. Gymnastics better spend in
Morning clock when muscles are not yet tired. Technology and pace of exercises
(cm. gymnastics with flatfoot) it is better to show the baby on his own
Example. The room should not be stuffy, or with drafts, and
It follows the child in comfortable clothes that does not constrain his movements.
Therapeutic massage must be carried out by a graduate specialist - instructor on therapeutic physical education and massage.
Physiotherapy is often used in the treatment of flatfoot
(paraffinosocheric applications, electrophoresis and others.) what improves
Exchange processes and blood circulation in tissues and indirectly strengthens
Stop vaults. Massage and physiotherapy are prescribed by courses, usually 10-15
procedures. It is advisable to spend 2-3 courses per year.
A special role in the treatment and prevention of progression of flatfoot
Only in this case, such products are guaranteed to match
It is assigned to orthopedic insams that are prescribed at the first
degree of pathology. They help unload painful sections of the foot and
adjust the identified deformations at initial signs
Flatopy. The height of the layout of the arches of the foot in the insoles depends on
The degree of flattering. Invest them are needed in street and home shoes,
to ease the life of a crumb when it happens as long as possible on
feet. As the child grows, shape and sizes
Shell inserts must be changed. And here you can not do without repeated
Consultations from an orthopedic doctor. Acquire insoles best in
prosthetic and orthopedic enterprises, orthopedic centers or
order individually.
necessary standards. And also: do not use orthopedic
Insoles
Necessible, the arches of the feet will become relaxed, and flatfoot
may develop even healthy from an orthopedic point of view of a child.
If the kid has a third degree of longitudinal flatfoot, especially
In combination with the Valgus deformation of the ankle joint, insoles
The case will not limit. He will have to «flaunt» in orthopedic shoes -
Boots with lacing and rigid internal side support.
Complications of flatfoot
What are the complications of flatfoot? Unfortunately, a variety of.
First of all, it is flattening the transverse arch of the foot with the subscription of the 1st
Finger out in adolescence. If the stop is long in
irregular position, and especially if the Valgus
deformation of the ankle joint, it can lead to deformation in
Foot joints and even to change the ratios of the joint surfaces
knee and hip joints. It is accompanied by pain in the legs,
Especially in the evening hours, and the reduction of depreciation functions leads to
Pain in the spine. In the future, this can lead to scoliosis,
there is an arcuate deformation of the spine to the right or left, or to his
Customization with the formation of convexity of the Zada - Kyphoz.
