The pathogenesis of radiation illness represents the primary mechanism of local damage, the origin and development of the disease. The degree of manifestation of radiation sickness depend on the dose, localization and type of penetrating irradiation. Today we talk about it.
Content
Pathogenesis, as the primary mechanism for the interaction of penetrating radiation with the human body, is not sufficiently studied. Clear one — It is based on a violation of the functions of all organs and systems, but the striking of the central nervous system and the blood formation organs, the gastrointestinal tract, the suppression of the natural regeneration of tissues and radiation toxmia.
In the pathogenesis of radiation sickness, the death of cells included in the bone marrow, intestines and skin plays the leading role. There are significant changes in the work of higher vegetative centers of the brain, endocrine disorders. The main value in the pathogenesis of acute radiation disease has a violation of the interaction between the central and peripheral nervous system. These processes represent pathogenetic illnesses of the disease and are manifested as follows:
- metabolic disease;
- suppression of blood formation function;
- bleeding;
- braking functions of the gastrointestinal tract;
- Trophic skin changes.
The close connection of these links testifies to deep violations developing against the background of the primary interaction of penetrating rays with a living organism:
- Radiation toxmia — The clearest sign of the disease in the initial period of one of the degrees of radiation disease;
- cytostatic effect — is the basis for the emergence of agranulocyte, hemorrhagic and anemic syndromes;
- Radiation capillarit — It occurs at a dose of irradiation more than 7 grams;
- violation of neurohumoral regulation;
- Sclerosation — replacement of the main tissue of the organ on the connecting;
- Malignization.
Degree of manifestation of acute radiation disease
The formation of the disease occurs during the period of contact with the source of radiation or in the coming hours after the suspension of its action. The nature of radiation exposure for radiation sickness is:
- single massive;
- re-in small doses;
- Local or total.
Depending on the dose of irradiation, radiation disease has various severity:
- Lightweight (1-2 gr);
- medium-heavy (2-4 gr);
- heavy (4-6 g);
- extremely heavy (more than 6 grams).
The recovery period of radiation sickness is 2-4 years after the cessation of irradiation, while distant consequences can manifest as:
- changes in the sexual sphere;
- immune diseases;
- sclerotic processes;
- Teratogenic effects;
- cataract;
- carcinogenesis;
- Reducing life expectancy.
In addition, radiation disease usually has complications of 2 types:
- somatic — diseases of the irradiated;
- Genetic — Hereditary pathology of offspring.
In accordance with the classification, bone marginal, intestinal, toxmic, neurocere and transitional forms of radiation disease, presentation or manifestations of which occur after dose of irradiation, respectively, are:
- 1-10 grams;
- 10-50 grams;
- 50-100 grams;
- Over 100 gr.
Periods of radiation sickness have a certain sequence in development:
- elementary;
- imaginary well-being;
- Ripping;
- Recovery.
Radiation sickness — «presentation» trouble
Currently, this is a rare disease that occurs mainly in emergency situations at nuclear power plants during the emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, at nuclear submarines and some strategic objects. Antiragonal protection includes collective and individual protective equipment, strict compliance with the rules of conduct in the territory of the infected area, the protection of products and water from infection with radioactive elements, dosimetry control and determination of the level of locality.
Neglect of the safety rules for the interaction of a person, its scientific and technical advances with nature and the habitat leads to the formation of various hazards and the possibility of damaging their health. The emergence of any emergency or technogenic catastrophe is caused by a combination of objective and subjective factors that open the road of radiation disease, as an unpredictable presentation of horrific health consequences and socio-living conditions for the existence of a person on Earth.
