What kind of disease bronchial asthma in adults? It is known that in almost half of the cases, it is due to hereditary predisposition and most often arises against the background of allergies. However, allergic is far from the only cause of bronchial asthma, the classification of the disease has many options.
Content
Bronchial asthma — Disease Chronic recurrent, flowing with change of periods of improvement of exacerbation periods. Regardless of the shape of bronchial asthma, predominantly bronchi is affected by the slightest irritation with spasm, edema and increase the secretion of mucus, leading to the development of attacks of choking and asthmatic status.
Stages of development of bronchial asthma in adults
Bronchial asthma, and this reflects the classification of the disease, in its development there are several stages.
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At the first stage of development, bronchial asthma is not manifested externally, the course of the disease can be found only on the microscopic level. In some patients, there is a congenital predisposition to the disease, others have acquired prerequisites, such as immunity defects and the natural processes of bronchial self-cleaning, pathology of the endocrine system, violation of exchange processes in the inner shell of bronchi, dysfunction of the vegetative and central nervous system, the special sensitivity of the bronchi and other organs breathing to stimuli. - At the second stage of development, bronchial asthma is regarded as a betray. In adults, and in children, this stage is not yet illness, but a state of threat, bronchial asthma can manifest themselves if you do not take effective measures to eliminate pathogenic factors, do not cure allergies, infection, do not normalize the hormonal background. In the state of the patient can periodically disturb the sudden runny nose, cough, difficulty breathing, he can be diagnosed with acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia with bronchospasm phenomena, allergic diseases.
- Third stage of development of bronchial asthma — Clinically decorated bronchial asthma, the flow of which is accompanied by symptoms typical.
Bronchial asthma: classification
First of all, it is customary to allocate immunological and non-immunological shape of bronchial asthma. The immunological form is associated with violations in the system of immune protection of the body, is more often allergic, with non-immunological form of bronchial asthma, other reasons, infections, hormonal disorders and other.
Depending on the root cause, which has become an impetus for the development of asthma, several variants of the disease are distinguished.
- Atopic option of illness — Bronchial asthma develops against the background of allergies and the diagnosis indicates the type of allergen.
- Infectious-dependent version of bronchial asthma Classification reflects as a result of the activities of infectious agents leading to immune violations.
- An autoimmune version of bronchial asthma, developing in defects of immune protection, aimed at cells of own bronchi.
- Hormonal version, more often found in adults, bronchial asthma develops against the background of glucocorticoid insufficiency in the pathology of the adrenal glands, as well as when dysfunction of ovaries.
- Neriva-mental version of asthma can develop against the background of acute stress with the increased sensitivity of the bronchi to stress hormones.
- Bronchial asthma on the background of a pronounced adrenergic imbalance, that is, with a congenital or acquired high sensitivity of bronchial receptors to stimuli.
- Pseudo-allergic forms of the disease, the development of bronchial asthma occurs without the participation of the immune endocrine and nervous system, under the influence of chemical, mechanical, physical factors or infection. So develops cold asthma, asthma during exercise, against aspirin intake.
Variants of bronchial asthma and the flow of major pathological processes can replace each other and act in various combinations.
The flow of bronchial asthma
Depending on the frequency of exacerbations of the disease and the development of attacks, three options for the flow of asthma are distinguished.
- The easiest course in which the attacks of the suffocation are repeated no more than 2-3 times a year, they can easily be bought by taking drugs inside and pass without a trace.
- Middle severity — The attacks of suffocation are repeated 3-4 times a year, pass only after injections of drugs and some difficulty of breathing is marked between them.
- Heavy course of the disease — The attacks are repeated more often than 5 times a year, they take place hard and often go to asthmatic status.
Complications of bronchial asthma
- Pulmonary complications resulting from lesions of lung fabric: lung emphysema, pulmonary failure, atelectasis or lung, pneumothorax.
- Extragotive complications resulting from the influence on the vessels of the pulmonary circulation: myocardial dystrophy, pulmonary heart, heart failure.
