Injuries accompany a person all life. They are in children and in adults, in old people and kids. And the big percentage of injuries to come exactly on the brain injuries. And these injuries are especially dangerous, primarily by its complications, such as brain swelling.
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Closed damage in which there is no outdoor bleeding usually arise as a result of a stupid injury (blow on the head of a solid object, fall and.). Closed injuries, though they look not so scary as open, but they are no less dangerous. As a result, there may be such complications as a concussion, injury (contusion), edema (compression) of the brain, crop fractures and the base of the skull.
The edema (compression) of the brain may arise from various reasons associated with injury (intracranial bleeding, pressure on the brain tissue of the skull shaft when injurous and injury and others.) and with individual diseases (brain tumors, an increase in intracranial pressure and.). Do not touch all the reasons, we will dwell only on the mechanism of edema caused by the closed skull injury.
Most often, the initial (launcher) torque of brain edema is intraception (intracranial) bleeding with the advent of hematoma as a result of the injury or head injuries. Edema in these cases is usually developing slowly, wave-like, and immediately after injury, symptoms characteristic of the concussion and brain injury may appear. After assisting the patient, it can become easier, the so-called so-called appears «lucid interval», which has a different duration - from several hours to several days. However, this condition is deceptive, subjective and does not correspond to severe disorders occurring in the cranial cavity. In the further hematoma, continuing to squeeze the brain tissue, causes venous stagnation, increases the amount of brain fluid, which ultimately leads to a common brain edema. The first and terrible symptom of developing edema - a resumption or enhancement of a headache, which often appears after «Light gap». With severe injury of such a gap and temporary improvement in a state of health, it may not be or they are masked by common symptoms of concussion and bruise, which greatly makes the diagnosis of edema.
It should be remembered that the brain edema will progress very quickly. Soon the psychomotor excitation is joined, the symptoms of brain irritation appear, accompanied by vomiting, narrowing the pupil on the hematoma side, the increase in the pulse (tachycardia) and breathing. Then the period of oppression of the brain activity comes, and the victim becomes sluggish, inhibited, it is lost consciousness, bradycardia arises (heart rate - 40-50 per minute), the blood pressure is rapidly reduced, the respiratory and cardiovascular activity is preserved, the act of swallowing. These symptoms indicate the presence of serious pathological changes in the body, which are based on a acute violation of the cerebral circulation, leading to oxygen starvation of the brain tissue and the death of nerve cells. If timely not eliminate the main cause of the brain compression and do not take measures to reduce intracranial pressure, then the victim can die from stopping breathing and cardiac activity.
Therefore, when providing first medical and prefigible assistance, it should be borne in mind that the brain edema is a state that threatens the life of the victim. Due to the fact that it may not develop immediately, each injury is necessary to consider as serious, able to cause heavy complications up to death.
Such victims should urgently, in compliance with all precautionary measures taken to the medical institution to provide emergency specialized medical care. Unfortunately, often, during crank-brain injuries, people are incurred much closer, forgetting that the diagnosis of the character of the brain injury is needed a computer tomograph, which is practically no small clinics. And where they are there, people «ambulance» Not lucky, in most different, basically paper reasons.
But computed tomography allows you to clearly determine the nature of the damage, the location of intracranial hematomas, the degree of extension of edema and t.D. As a result, the surgeon works more accurately and purposefully, in advance knowing, with which problem he will have to face, which is always beneficial to the success of the operation and the state of the patient.
The foundation of treatment is anti-voice therapy, elimination of cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. Hematoma is treated only in surgically, for which the costhoplastic trepanation is carried out under general anesthesia. Under the edema of the brain of patients after inpatient treatment, it often has to be directed to VTEK (medical and labor expert commission), because the consequence of such a complication may be a loss of disability.
In order for the treatment cycle to be full, there is also a rehabilitation. And this is usually started on samonek. The threat to the life of the patient passed, the operations were carried out and a person remains one on one with her problems. But he still needs to restore his mental and motor functions. Of course, he receives recommendations from the doctor, but today you can go through a full course of rehabilitation today only in several institutions that can be counted on your fingers.
