Tuberculosis is widespread in Russia. The most common pulmonary form of this Diseases develops in people with weakened immunity - their body is not able to resist infections. You can be infected with a patient with a sick person: mycobacteria tuberculosis fall into the air with cough, sneezing patient. Especially sharpened tuberculosis in spring and autumn, in these periods, infection is most likely.
Symptoms
Symptoms of tuberculosis are: constantly elevated temperature (not higher than 38c), headache, Weight loss, lack of appetite, cough (both dry and with mocroid, with blood in sputum), shortness of breath, sweating at night. Mood swings appear, irritability, reduced performance. Only 1-2 symptoms can manifest themselves, and it is not necessary that there will be cough. Therefore, when one of the listed symptoms appears, our site is recommended not to be treated independently, but to consult a doctor to diagnose possible tuberculosis on time and start it timely treatment.
Diagnostics
The simplest test on tuberculosis is the reaction of Mantu. 72 hours after the sample Mantu can be determined whether there is a tuberculosis infection in the body. However, this method has very low accuracy.
The study of smears under the microscope either cannot be a benchmark: mycobacterium tuberculosis is easy to confuse with other types of bacteria and make an incorrect diagnosis.
Sowing sputum often helps to diagnose tuberculosis, but tuberculosis bacteria «grow up» not always, so there is a risk of false negative analysis.
Most often, for the absence of the best, the usual pulmonary x-ray and inspection of the patient use for tuberculosis to examine.
In a specialized clinic, it is possible to determine the titer of antibodies to tuberculosis. This method allows you to identify immunity to tuberculosis and find out whether vaccination has been effective. Accuracy - about 75%.
The most modern method - PCR (polymerase chain reaction). This is a DNA diagnostics when the patient's sputum is taken on the analysis. The result can be found in 3 days, accuracy - 95-100%.
Treatment of tuberculosis
It is impossible to treat tuberculosis on its own - with the uncontrolled taking of drugs in Koch sticks (mycobacterium of tuberculosis) develops resistance to medicines and cure tuberculosis becomes much more difficult.
Treatment of the usual (sensitive drugs) tuberculosis takes at least 6 months, and sometimes tightened to 2 years. For oppression of infection therapy should be carried out systematically, without a pause, then tuberculosis will not be able to progress.
When tuberculosis is identified, the patient is placed in the hospital, where he spends about two months - during this time the active allocation of tuberculosis bacteria is stopped. When the patient ceases to constitute a threat to the health of others, the treatment continues outpatient.
Treatment of conventional tuberculosis is carried out according to a specific scheme, it includes drugs such as isoniazide, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin and ethambutol. The doctor selects an individual combination of drugs that the patient will have to take within 2-3 months, treatment takes place in the hospital. If, after this time, the treatment did not bring the proper effect or the effect is very weak, which is due to the resistance of infection to a particular drug, the corresponding changes are made to chemotherapy. In such cases, one or more drugs is replaced or a way to introduce them (intravenously, inhaled). If, on the contrary, after 2-3 months of reception of drugs, a positive effect is observed, for the next 4 months, only isoniazide and rifampicin are prescribed. At the end of the course of treatment, the patient rents tests again and, if the koch wand will be detected, it means that tuberculosis passed into a drug-stable form.
Treatment resistant to tuberculosis forms is delayed for years. Depending on how the drugs are resistant to tuberculosis, the main drugs (isoniazide, rifampicin) are added so-called. The preparations of the second row are much more expensive than ordinary tuberculosis medicines, and they can cost about $ 10,000. You can take these drugs only in the complex, otherwise there will be no effect. Our site intentionally does not publish a diagram of the reception of these drugs, since uncontrolled treatment forms the complete stability of bacteria and the absolute incurability of tuberculosis.
Surgical intervention for the treatment of tuberculosis is extremely rare, because the effectiveness of this method is extremely low.
Previously, an integral element of the treatment of tuberculosis was spa treatment. Nowadays, treatment in sanatoriums is only an additional means of fighting the disease. But if the patient refuses hospitalization, when it is really necessary, the medical institution has the right through the court to send a patient for compulsory treatment to the anti-tuberculosis clinic. This practice is used everywhere for the treatment of irresponsible patients and health of the nation.
Of great importance in the cure of the disease has proper nutrition. In the diet of the patient should include meat, fish dishes, vegetables and fruits. Alcohol and smoking are categorically contraindicated. Since the patient often loses the appetite with tuberculosis, it is recommended to eat products rich in vitamins, which have an excite of appetite: infusion of rosehip, fishery, prostropro.
Latent infection
If a person has a strong immunity, then after infection, it does not get sick immediately, but it remains almost healthy, although the infection continues to remain in the body. So it can last all life and never pour into tuberculosis.
The impetus for the development of tuberculosis can serve as strong stress, lack of nutrition, long-lasting regions. Most people do not even suspect that Koch wand in their body. Therefore, try to always maintain your health normally, which is already in itself will oppose the development of the disease. Our site can calm you: the usual cold causes a decrease in immunity, but this is not enough to start tuberculosis. So that the koch wand began to multiply, the weakening of immunity should be long and combined with bad living conditions - low-quality food, lack of fresh air, hard work in polluted rooms.
Prevention of tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - Poverty and Antisanitarian disease. To protect yourself from this disease, you need to take care of your immunity - a strong immunity is able to independently defeat Koch wand, if it falls into the body. To immunity to cope with the disease, you need to eat high quality and diverse, take vitamins, walk a lot and engage in any sport. Prisons play a leading role in the distribution of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Treatment of prisoners is often carried out incorrectly either the patients themselves incorrectly take medicine and as a result of multiple drug resistance tuberculosis applies to geometric progression.
Finding into the air, Koch wand preserves vitality for 10 days - for example, in street dust. But in the absence of sunlight, the bacteria live much longer - a few months.
You can get infected only when inhaling the air in which the microscopically small droplets of saliva and the sputum of the patient are. There will be an infection or not - it depends on how many bacteria fell into the lungs, the body will be able to suppress them or not. If a long time is in one room with a sore, the danger to infected at times - that's why «Flowers» Tuberculosis in prisons. The worse there is a room, the longer bacteria remain in the air.
It is impossible to infect with handshake with sick on the street. But indoors where the air is almost immobile, tactile contact and the use of general item items significantly increase the risk of infection.
A person can get tuberculosis by eating milk from cows, patients with tuberculosis. Our site recommends: Do not buy milk «At the hosters», which traded in places not intended for trade - their goods are not undergoing sanitary and epidemiological control and no one guarantees you the safety of their products.
Culture of communication
If there is someone among your friends who are sick with tuberculosis, be tolerant for him. A person probably suffers from the fact that everyone surrounding shakes to side, barely cough. Of course, we all scary with tuberculosis, but you need to remember that a normal conscious person will never appear in society, knowing that dangerous for others. Therefore, patients who work or learn from other people are likely to infect anyone. Very often, people even after successful cure of the disease for many years suffer from undeservedly disgusting attitude of others. Of course, natural dishes and fear will not hide anywhere, but if you really fell to communicate with a man who sick with tuberculosis, our site advises however to try, to find strength in itself, so as not to show your attitude to his former disease, do not offend him With his attitude.
