In injuries and other emergency situations, immediate configuration is often needed in addition to the planned vaccinations. In which cases there is an emergency prevention and which substances are administered, read in the article.
Content
Emergency prevention of the tetanus involves surgical treatment of wounds with the removal of foreign bodies and dead tissues and administration, if necessary, anticipating serum and anatoxine.
When the emergency prevention of tetanus is carried out
Conducting emergency prevention required at:
- injuries with damage to the skin and mucous membranes;
- frostbite and burns of the second, third and fourth degree;
- community abortion and childbirth;
- gangrene and leaning fabrics;
- Jews;
- animal bites.
To whom and how emergency prevention of tetanus
For emergency prevention of tetanus, several drugs are used: tetanus anatoxine (as-vaccine), anticipating serum and anticipable immunoglobulin. The difference between them is that tetanus anatoxin is a neutralized toxin of a tetanus bacteria that does not harm the body, but helps him work out the necessary to combat a real toxin substance. Immunoglobulin and serum are already ready-made substances to combat toxin. In this case, immunoglobulin is more efficient and safe because it is obtained from human blood, and serum is a treated part of the horses. It is also effective, but more often causes allergies.
The choice of drug for emergency prevention is carried out according to the following principles:
- If a person has documents confirming that he received all the necessary vaccinations, emergency prevention is not required.
- If the last scheduled vaccination was missed, tetanus antecisin is introduced.
- If one or more initial vaccinations (in childhood) were missed, it is introduced with anatoksin, and immunoglobulin (or serum)
- If the child is less than 5 months old, and it was not vaccinated from the tetanus, only immunoglobulin or serum is introduced
- If a person has previously been allergic to anethoxine or serum, they are not injected.
- Pregnant in the first half of pregnancy is contraindicated by the introduction of any drugs against the tetanus, in the second half - only serum is banned.
Before the introduction of anti-resistant serum, be sure to check the person on the sensitivity to it. To do this, a small amount of the drug is injected into the skin of the forearm and look at the reaction. If the diameter of the redness zone exceeds 1 cm, it is impossible to enter serum. If everything is in order, then a little longer dose is administered under the skin and also look at the reaction. Only if a person feels fine, he is introduced all the necessary dose.
Complications after serum administration
Sometimes after the administration of serum, complications occur, most often it is anaphylactic shock and serum disease. Both complications are extremely dangerous. In this regard, for each vaccinated, it is necessary to establish medical observation within an hour after vaccination. When symptoms of shock appear, urgent anti-shock treatment. Persons who were introduced serum should be warned about the need to immediately appeal for medical assistance in the event of an increase in temperature, the appearance of itching and rash on the skin, pain in the joints and other symptoms characteristic of serum disease.
