The abnormal development of the brain is one of the frequent causes of children's disability. Violations occur in the early stages of the development of the embryo under the influence of pathogenic factors not only the external environment, but also the inner environment of the mother's organism.
Content
Mechanisms for the emergence of abnormal development of the brain
Active introduction into the practice of a children's neurologist of modern neuralizing examination methods (computed tomography, magnetic resonance tomography of the brain) made it possible to significantly expand knowledge in the field of brain anomalies, determine their role in assessing the neurological status of the child and the forecast of the disease. The use of a computer tomograph and a magnetic resonance tomograph transferred a fishery study of the brain structure to a higher level, switting knowledge from the formal level «Hypoxic encephalopathy» to the level of disease caused by a genetic disorder caused by the action of various factors.
It became obvious that the abnormalities of brain development are the most common cause of children's neurological disability. «Breakdown» In the process of laying the nervous tissue, mostly represent a variety of pathology of the embryonic period. Most of the congenital defects of the nervous system are formed under the influence of damaging agents into critical periods of the embryonic development of organs and systems, when the layers of organs and tissues are formed, character, the type of vice depends not on the nature of the damaging agent (mutant gene, chemical mutagens, ionizing radiation, viruses) , and from the age of the embryo. In this regard, it is not possible to finally find out the reason for the development of the development of the organ or system is often not possible.
Causes of development of brain anomalies
According to modern ideas about breach of embryonic development, the following factors may affect the processes of formation of the nervous system:
- Exogenous toxins (toxins from the external environment)
- Genetic reasons
- endogenous toxins (metabolic violations of the mother, in T.C. Increase the temperature of the parent organism)
- infectious pathogens (cytomegalovirus, toxoplasm, licker, etc.)
Among the listed reasons to contribute to the emergence of malformations, the most influential is an exogenous factor. Currently, the fact of global pollution of human habitat with toxic chemicals, which led to a significant accumulation of them in the biosphere and further admission to the body with food, water and air.
Quantitative volume of emerging mutations may increase under the influence of mutagenic environmental factors, especially such as ionizing radiation, active chemical compounds, some biological factors. It creates real prerequisites and conditions for the emergence of environmental lesions of the population, first of all, in the defeat of the embryo.
Acceleration of scientific and technological progress fundamentally changed human habitat. First, it has many factors with which a person has not yet encountered (for example, 60 thousand. new chemicals). Secondly, the environment varies in a very fast pace. Populations genotype does not have time to adequately respond to change. This leads to the fact that in the changed environmental conditions there are hereditary diseases of a new class - eco-independent diseases. Their essence comes down to the fact that a certain proportion of the population has genes that exhibit pathological effects when exposed to a particular environmental factor. A new class of eco -netic diseases is still not widely deciphered, although it is of great importance from the point of view of labor medicine, nutrition, environmental hygiene. Thus, an increase in the number of brain defects due to spontaneous mutations due to the detrimental influence of ecology more and more conquers a place in the views on the etiology of the brain anomalies.
