The fractures of the cervical spine are often found quite. The mechanism of injury is usually bent or infrunrable. Most often, the fourth, fifth and sixth cervical vertebra are subject to damage, but the most severe conditions occur during fractures of the first and second cervical vertebrae.
Content
Fracture of the first cervical vertebra
The first cervical vertebra is called Atlanta.
He keeps his head. He is in the connection site
spine and occipital bone and has the kind of ring. Between Atlanta I
There are no cartilaginous gaskets (intervertebral discs)
Therefore, when exposed to traumatic force on the cranial box pressure
With the occipital bone without depreciation is transmitted to the first cervical
vertebra.
The occipital bone wines inside the Ring of Atlanta. Wherein
Arm and back arcs of Atlanta break. This type of fracture is called
«Shopping» or fracture jefferson and it happens often when falling
on the head. The patient complains of pain in the neck, the back of the head, the pattern.
With a x-ray study on a special technique
(front-rear radiograph made through the mouth) is detected
Offset Arc Atlanta from its usual place. Specify the diagnosis of
Aid of computer tomography. Half patients fracture first
The vertebra is accompanied by fractures of other vertebrae or damage
spinal cord, less often the oblong brain, which dramatically weights
Patient condition.
Fracture of the second cervical vertebra
The second cervical vertebra is called axial (AXIS). He
It has the kind of ring, the in front of which is called a massive protrusion – tooth
axial vertebra. The tooth fracture can occur with a sharp flexion of the neck
in any direction. First cervical vertebra – Atlant, which is fixed
around the tooth, shifts forward or backward. On the degree of his offset
The severity of the patient's condition depends.
With the first degree of fracture, offset is not detected. Patient
complains of light pain when turning the head and discomfort in
neck. This state may complicate when the neck is repeated, when
The displacement is enhanced.
Fracture of the second degree. First cervical vertebra and broken fragment
the tooth is shifted by the kepened, while the back of the Atlanta squeezes
spinal cord. The patient may lose consciousness during injury or after
HERE. Depending on the degree of spinal cord compression may occur
Various neurological violations from easy violation
Sensitivity in the neck area to the pan and paralysis of two or all
limbs (hemiparez, tetrapireps). When shifting the second cervical tooth
vertebra ago – Neurological disorders arise to a lesser extent.
With big offsets (fracture of the third degree) most often it
State is incompatible with life.
Traumatic spondylolistera second cervical vertebra
Spondylolistis – This is a vertebrate shift forward,
Back or Block relative to the underlying vertebra. This is damage
Call a fracture «Palach». It occurs with a sharp extension of the cervical
The spine department, if at the same time an obstacle to the movement.
For example, with a sharp braking and shock head about the windshield. At
This most often breaks the arc of the second cervical vertebra, and his body
shifted forward.
The patient complains of pain in the occipital region, when turning the head,
Limiting movements head and neck. Diagnostics produced on
The basis of an X-ray study – lateral and direct radiography
The cervical spine.
Fractures and fractures of the lower cervical vertebrae
Fractures of the lower cervical vertebrae most often
occur with a sharp, forced bending in the cervical
Spine. This occurs compression fractures
vertebrae.
The patient is disturbed by pain in the neck, limit the turns of the head and
movements in the neck. During the examination, the sophistication is detected
Processing of the victim vertebrae, neck muscle tension. Sometimes, if
Bundles between vertebral processes are broken, you can detect
Personality of the line of spawn processes in the form of a zipper or bayonet. In that
case the condition of the patient and the fracture is considered unstable because
There is a risk of damage to the spinal cord.
Diagnostics are carried out using X-ray shots, on
which find wedge-shaped vertebral deformation. Depending on the
The degree of displacement of fragments, neurological disorders may appear
up to the compression of the spinal cord.
Sometimes the verteons dislocation occur. In this case
The patient's head is turned into the opposite dislocation side, chin
close to the opposite shoulder. At the level of dislocation can occur
Putting of nervous root. The spinal cord usually does not suffer. except
Fractures and dislocations of cervical vertebrae are traumatic
Damage to ligaments and intervertebral disks. These damage also
Paint and restriction of movements in the neck, for exception
FRAME It is necessary to conduct a radiographic study.
When suspected of a fracture of the cervical spine victim
put on the stretcher, laying a cottage-gauze circle under the head, or
Immobilizing the cervical spine with semi-rigid collar.
You can not perform any turns, pulling the neck until the clarification
Diagnosis.
In case of damage to ligaments, the patient is recommended to wear cervical
collar for four weeks. Then is prescribed physiotherapy and
physiotherapy. When fractures without displacement uncomplicated
fractures on the neck impose a hard collar, a gypsum corset or
Polyvika Shadz for a period of up to 4 months. Heavy fractures, with
which there is a danger of displacement and damage to the spinal cord
are treated by stretching the loop of glisson or hardware stretching for
scull. Pulling is superimposed for up to one month, then neck
Fixed with a hard collar for 3-4 months.
damage to his fragments, surgical treatment is produced. For
Fixations of the spine are used plates, clamps.
