Phenylketonuria to inheritance

Every future mother in the maternity hospital will have to pass a number of mandatory
Analyzes. Among them - blood test on phenylketonuria. Despite,
that medicine is developing rapidly, humanity has not yet learned to
to fully prevent these hereditary pathologies and completely
heal, so much depends on the timely assigned
Diagnosis.

Phenylketonuria, or Felling Disease, is one of the serious hereditary diseases, which is characterized mainly by the defeat of the nervous system. Phenylketonuria is manifested by the lag of psychomotor development, progressive dementia, disorders of movements and muscle tone. The basis of this disease is a violation of the exchange of a very important enzyme required for mental activity - phenylalanine.

Externally, such children, as a rule, blond with blue eyes, very sensitive light skin, they often show eczema, dermatitis, various rashes. The physique is disproportionate, the vices of the development of internal organs are often detected - heart, liver, etc. From the point of view of biochemistry, phenylalanine is an indispensable amino acid, a kind «Brick», The necessary human body for constructing a protein molecule. With phenylketonuria, the formation of the most important biologically active substances necessary for the normal operation of the brain, especially serotonin and dopamine, is reduced. They are launched «breakdown» In the mechanism of mental development of a child leading to the progression of dementia.

Phenylketonuria refers to the group of genetic diseases that are inherited. The disease occurs only when both parents are carriers of the phenylketonurium gene. In such a marriage, the birth of a sick child is possible in 25% of cases - if the fruit receives a sick gene and from his father, and from the mother. 50% can be born carrier of phenylketonurium gene without external manifestations of this disease: if the child receives a patient gene from one parent, and from another - healthy. The probability of birth of a healthy child is 25% in the case when he gets a healthy gene from both parents.

Symptoms of phenylketonuria

External signs of phenylketonurium can sometimes be suspected in the first weeks and months of the life of the baby, although they are very different, and sometimes such babies can even differ from healthy: they, for example, are also well added in weight. And others, on the contrary, from the first days after the birth of sluggish, Sonline or Restless, do not fix a look at the items, do not turn to the sound source, it is late to grow and do it inexpressively.

An important and characteristic early symptoms of the disease include a specific unpleasant smell of mold or mouse, emanating from urine and child skin. Such children are often poorly absorbed by writing, they have abundant jumping, later, in the second half of their life, they are lagging behind in psychomotor development: the development of motor skills, speech and t.D. Mental Delay Delay is the main sign of the disease.

It is extremely important to determine the diagnosis as early as possible, at least no later than the 2nd month of life. For this, all newborns examine on special programs that reveal an increase in the concentration of phenylalanine in the blood already in the first days of life - in the hospital, all children are examined for this disease without exception. To do this, in the maternity hospital for the 4-5th day in the docking and 7-14th - premature children take blood drops from the heel to a special paper form and send it to the medical and genetic laboratory. At the same time, in the exchange card, the kid, which he gets when the departure of the maternity hospital, is necessarily set about the test.

In the case of suspected illness, the answer comes to a children's clinic in which a child is observed. Also to identify in the urine of phenylpirogradic acid and other ketone acids, appearing by the end of the 1st week of the life of the baby, the indicator papers are used «Phoenistix», «Biophan». They enter the mandatory set for express diagnostics of each precinct pediatrician. The test is carried out repeatedly during the 1st year of the life of the crumbs in those families where children born with phenylketonuria. So, over the age of 4-6 weeks in the urine of a sick child can easily reveal the products of the decay of phenylalanine.

These and other similar methods refer to the categories of approximate, therefore, with positive results, a special examination is required using accurate quantitative methods for determining the content of phenylalanine in the blood and urine, which are carried out by centralized biochemical laboratories. Children who are not included in the risk group (in families where there were no cases of phenylketonurium), blood test is carried out once in the maternity hospital.