To measure body temperature, the thermometer is used. Measuring temperature in an adult is carried out in the armpit, in the oral cavity, in the rectum, in children in the groin fold. The body temperature is measured twice a day, according to special indications the body temperature is measured every two hours.
Content
The concept of thermometers
Thermometer - temperature measurement device. Medical thermometer for the first time suggested a German scientist Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit in 1724., He used his temperature scale, which is so far called Fahrenheit scale. The following types of medical thermometers used to measure body temperature are distinguished:
- Mercury maximum
- digital (with memory)
- Instant (used when measuring the body temperature in patients who are in an unconscious, sleep and excited state, as well as when screening surveys)
The mercury thermometer is made of glass, inside which the tank with mercury is placed with the separation from it on the end of the capillary. The thermometer scale (Celsius scale, which was suggested by Swedish scientist Anders Celsius, from here and letter «WITH» With the designation of degrees on the Celsius scale) in the range from 34 to 42-43 °C has minimal divisions at 0.1 °WITH.
Thermometer is called maximum due to the fact that after measuring the body temperature, it continues to show the temperature that was detected in humans during measurement (maximum), since mercury cannot independently fall into the thermometer tank without additional shaking. This is due to the special device of the capillary of a medical thermometer having a narrowing that prevents the reverse movement of mercury into the tank after measuring the body temperature. To mercury returned to the tank, the thermometer must be shaken.
Currently, digital memory thermometers have been created that do not contain mercury and glass, as well as thermometers for instant temperature measurement (for 2 s), especially useful in thermometry in sleeping children or in patients in an excited state.
Body temperature measurement rules
Thermometry - Temperature Measurement. As a rule, thermometry is carried out twice a day - in the morning on an empty stomach (at 7-8 hours) and in the evening before the last welcome (at 17-18 hours). By special indications, the body temperature can be measured every 2-3 hours.
Before measuring the temperature, you must remove the thermometer from the disinfectant solution, rinse, then wipe and shake. The main area of measuring body temperature is the axillary cotton, the skin should be dry, since in the presence of sweat the thermometer can show a temperature of 0.5 °With below real. The duration of measuring body temperature with a maximum thermometer - at least 10 minutes. After measuring, the thermometer shakes and lowered into a glass with a disinfectant solution.
Body Temperature Measurement Places:
- Migrating depressions
- oral cavity (thermometer is placed under the tongue)
- Inguinal folds (in children)
- The rectum (as a rule, in seriously ill; temperature in the rectum is usually 0.5-1 °With higher than in the axillary depression)
Measurement of body temperature in the axillary depression in the hospital
Required Equipment: Maximum Medical Thermometer, Disinfectant Capacity (for example, 3% Chloramine B), Individual Napkin, Temperature List.
Procedure procedure:
- inspect the axillary depression, wipe the muscular area with a napkin
- Remove the thermometer from a glass with a disinfectant solution
- After disinfection, the thermometer should be rinsed with flowing water and wipe it thoroughly dry
- Shake the thermometer so that the mercury column falls to the mark below 35 °WITH
- Place the thermometer in the axillary dam in such a way that the mercury tank is in contact with all sides with the body, tightly press the shoulder to the chest
- Remove the thermometer after 10 minutes, take the testimony
- Shake mercury in the thermometer to the mark below 35 °WITH
- Place the thermometer into a disinfectant container
- Fix the thermometer readings in the temperature sheet
The body temperature is normal of 36-37 °C, daily oscillations are usually registered in the range of 0.1-0.6 ?C and should not exceed 1 °WITH. The maximum body temperature is celebrated in the evening (at 17-21 hours), minimal - in the morning (at 3-6 h). In some cases, a healthy person has a slight increase in temperature:
- with intensive physical exertion
- After receiving the food
- with strong emotional tension
- In women during ovulation (raising by 0.6-0.8 °WITH)
- in hot weather (0.1-0.5 °With higher than in winter
In children, there are usually the body temperature is higher than in an adult, in people of elderly and senile age, the body temperature is somewhat reduced.
