Bacterial vaginosis - a violation of the normal microflora (or, as it is called physicians, goiter) vagina.
Content
What is bacterial vaginosis and bacterial vaginosis?
Normally, a large number of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus,
yet they are called lactobacilli and chopsticks Doderlyayna), which
creating an acidic environment therein. When the number of bacterial vaginosis
lactic acid bacteria decreases, and in their place come
pathogens and so-called opportunistic bacteria - bacteria,
which cause disease only with reduced immunity. it
It causes a reduction in acidity of the vagina.
Previously we thought
Bacterial vaginosis is caused mostly by some unimodal
bacteria (for example, gardnerella - Gardnerella vaginalis or hemophilic bacilli - Haemophilus vaginalis),
therefore bacterial vaginosis is still sometimes called hemophilic
gardnerelleznoy or vaginitis. Now, it was found that the bacterial
vaginosis is not caused by a single microbe, and a violation of the ratio of
various kinds of bacteria. Therefore, bacterial vaginosis is not
infectious disease and is transmitted through sexual contact. AT
Unlike vaginitis (kolpitov) bacterial vaginosis does not cause
inflammation of the vagina.
How common is bacterial vaginosis?
exact
incidence of bacterial vaginosis is not known. It is assumed that
bacterial vaginosis in their lifetime at least once every ill
third woman.
Bacterial vaginosis is more common in women aged 35-40 years.
Major risk factors for bacterial vaginosis
The main risk factors for bacterial vaginosis include:
- Availability
intestinal dysbiosis. Dysbacteriosis intestines and vagina often
develop simultaneously. May develop during treatment
antibiotics.
- decreased immunity, but it is difficult to prove.
- drinking large amounts of antibiotics. Antibiotics kill the lactic acid and other "useful" bacteria.
- poor nutrition. Exclusion from the diet of milk and acidic foods also increases the risk of dysbiosis.
- wearing tight underwear impermeable air, too frequent (up to daily) Use pads and tampons.
This prevents the flow of oxygen in the vagina, killing harmful anaerobic bacteria.
What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?
The main
manifestation of bacterial vaginosis are abundant (20-30 ml
day) grayish vaginal discharge. Discharge is quite liquid and
different characteristic fishy odor, worse after sex
act. Possible discomfort and a burning sensation during sexual intercourse, or irritation of the vulva. Sometimes bacterial vaginosis may not cause any complaints.
How to diagnose bacterial vaginosis and bacterial vaginosis?
Bacterial
vaginosis is diagnosed by the presence of characteristic of vaginal discharge,
reduce acidity and changes in the vaginal smear. decrease
the acidity of the vagina is determined by a rapid method
(Special test strips). It is affordable, reliable and inexpensive
diagnostic method, but unfortunately not very accurate.
critical
important to study the vaginal smear (scraping cells from the
vaginal walls) under a microscope. In bacterial vaginosis in a smear
practically no lactic acid bacteria (Doderlyayna coli), but
It is determined by many other species of bacteria (Gardnerella, Haemophilus)
as well as special "key" cells - exfoliated vaginal cells
bacteria adhering to them. Sometimes more subtle study
vaginal microflora inoculated allocation for special nutritional
environment that allows you to accurately determine the type of bacteria living in it.
Do I have to kill gardnerella?
Bacterial
vaginosis should be treated, if only because without treatment it
It keeps vaginal discharge. Furthermore, this
state can move to a given time with
inflammatory and infectious disease. The goal of treatment is not
as "death gardnerella" much needed restoration
balance.
Long dysbiosis, which is observed in bacterial
vaginosis, can disrupt the normal functioning of the immune system.
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis and bacterial vaginosis
Treatment
bacterial vaginosis consists of 2 stages: the elimination of pathogens
and conditionally pathogenic bacteria (the same gardnerellas) and colonization of the vagina
normal lactobacilli. To combat pathogens
use vaginal suppositories and gels with various antibiotics or
antiseptics (e.g., metronidazole, or clindamycin). selection
the desired spectrum is difficult to do alone, and even more so without
assays. Sometimes antibiotics administered in tablets for medical indication.
The choice of specific
drugs and dosage forms (tablets, suppositories, solutions, etc.).
carries a gynecologist, according to the manifestations of the disease state
the patient and the results of analyzes. True to the selection of therapy at this stage
improves its efficiency, and to avoid the side effects
unnecessary expenses. Keep in mind that no single infection is treated
(Such as Candida or Chlamydia), and the balance is restored
microflora, which is much harder to achieve.
In pregnancy, antibiotics are not used.
On
the second stage of treatment may require drugs inside lactobacilli
or directly into the vagina. Traditionally recommended diet
Biokefir, yogurt, sauerkraut. Sometimes the treatment
bacterial vaginosis using drugs that increase immunity.
However, the effect of many of these agents has not been proven, and doctors
guided primarily their own experience or tradition.
The feasibility of various methods of treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in
It is being challenged.
The main
criteria for cure bacterial vaginosis and bacterial vaginosis are
cessation of vaginal discharge and the normalization of the vaginal smear.
