Causes
In essence, polyneuropathy is the defeat of the peripheral nerves resulting from the weave of vegetative and peripheral nerve fibers. The disease can develop for many reasons. Most often, polyneeropathy arise due to various intoxication. For example, pathology can be formed due to poisoning with drugs, alcohol, poor food, chemicals and industrial toxins. The reasons for the appearance of this disease also include problems with the endocrine system. In addition, polyneuropathy can develop due to viral and bacterial infections, oncological problems due to Avitaminosis. Systematic diseases of the connective tissue and some pathologies of internal organs can provoke the appearance of the disease.
Primary polyneuropathy usually arise as a result of direct nerve damage. They can develop as a result of injuries, transmitted by inheritance. Sometimes the reason for the appearance of the disease cannot be established.
Secondary polyneuropathy develop due to diseases, the cause of which is associated with a violation of the nervous system. Such types of diseases occur most often. Their appearance may also provoke various infections and intoxication. Secondary polyneuropathy sometimes develop when Sugar diabetes, Oncological processes, diffuse losses of connective tissue.
Symptoms
During the diagnosis, first of all, you need to carefully collect information about the available and preceding diseases, and other information that can be useful. Special attention is paid to the presence of infectious diseases. Perhaps the patient had contact with toxic substances, some medicines were taken, there are any features in nutrition.
After collecting information, neurological and accompanying somatic symptoms are revealed. Next, palpation of nerve trunks is performed, which allows you to detect thickening, which is peculiar to amyloidosis. Patient is still recommended to pass electronoseomiography.
In addition, the patient is directed to the study of cerebrospinal fluid. If necessary, the skin nerve biopsy is carried out, which implies a study under a microscope a piece of patient's nerve with a special needle. Additionally, such research methods can be appointed as: general blood analysis, biochemistry, Ultrasound of internal organs and radiography of chest organs. In the blood, the level of glucose is checked and the presence of protein exchange products is determined. Such products are creatine and urea. Blood is still tested for the presence of heavy metals salts.
Treatment
When establishing the main cause of the disease, appropriate treatment is assigned. Therapy of pathology is aimed at eliminating this reason. For example, if polynereropathy is provoked by diabetes, then in this case the treatment should be aimed at reducing glucose levels.
Under Uremia, renal therapy is prescribed to the patient. It is possible to carry out blood purification by hemodialysis. If necessary, the kidney transplantation is performed. In the toxic forms of the disease, the patient should stop any contact with toxic substances. In this case, injections are carried out, which bind the salts of heavy metals in the blood and help bring them out of the body.
With alcohol polyneeropathy, it is necessary to abandon alcohol. For the treatment of infectious polyneuropathies, the treatment of infectious diseases is carried out, which is to use Antibiotics and abundant drink. With paranoplastic kinds of illness, it is possible to remove tumors surgically with further conduct of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
In addition, several other directions and techniques are applied in the treatment of polyneuropathy. In particular, our site notes treatment with drugs that improve the conductivity of pulses by fibers. If necessary, prescribed hormone therapy. If the disease was provoked by the avitaminosis, it is also useful to treatment with vitamins. So, many vitamins have antioxidant properties, which helps protect the nerve from damage to active free radicals. In particular, vitamins of group B are prescribed.
With the increase in pressure, hypotensive drugs are prescribed to the patient,. E. Preparations that reduce pressure. With pains apply special painkillers. With weakness in the muscles, in order to help move, wearing the wearing of special support devices is prescribed.
In the treatment of neuropathy, methods such as reflexotherapy and plasmophoresis are still used. The latter shows its effectiveness if the disease was caused by toxic lesion. In addition, massage and therapeutic physical culture are prescribed to maintain muscle tone. Such methods of treatment as magnetotherapy and electrostimulation of spinal cord and individual nerves are also effective.
Prevention
Prevention of polyneuropathy is to eliminate the reasons that can lead to the development of such disorders. In particular, alcohol should be abandoned, it is necessary to use protection when working with toxic substances. Sugar levels should be monitored. Medicinal preparations should be applied only if the doctor prescribed them. Some types of polyneeropathies are impossible to prevent, in particular, this refers to the hereditary form of the disease.
