Today, most plague people seem to be a terrible disease, but forever left in the past. Is it so? - The answer is the author of this article.
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It is unlikely that there is a person who never heard words in his life «plague». However, now few people can perceive the plague as a real danger. And nevertheless an epidemiological situation in close proximity to Russian borders is restless: the plague is distributed and not yet stopped. And how this disease can spread, testify examples from not so long last.
At the beginning of the XVII century, the epidemic (it would be more correct to say a pandemic) plague covered almost all of Europe, where many cities were standing simply empty, and the crowds wandered the crowds of distraught people who attacked doctors - they thought that the doctors were guilty of the dissemination of the disease. This epidemic has reached Russia - during the reign of Boris Godunov, the plague covered 35 Russian cities, including Moscow. Since then, in the Moscow toponymik, the tragic tragic tragic tragic tragus remained - two alley near the Prechistenki: Clean - there is simply no people left in it - and the dead - the name speaks for itself (now the alley is named Nikolai Ostrovsky).
The reason for such a quick and widespread dissemination of infection - in its nature. Unlike the smallpox, which is transmitted only from a person to a person, and rodents are also sick, human plagua; The plague, in addition, is transmitted not only by air-drip and contact paths, but also through parasitic insects. That is, when epizoota scans rats, hungry fleas infected with plaque bacteria are sent to search for new warm-bloodeds, which people most often become. Well, and then the case goes like oil: the sick person is surrounded by an invisible cloud consisting of an innumerable number of places, each of which is able to infect a completely healthy person, even if it does not fall on the mucous membranes (when inhaling, for example), but also if It turns out to be on the skin.
It is clear that the sick man is dangerous for others. Additional trouble here is that the plague is starting completely like ordinary ARZ - with a temperature lift (though, to very high numbers - more than 40°C) and general ailment. However, the condition begins to deteriorate sharply and steadily - consciousness becomes confused, there is a pronounced disorder of breathing and blood circulation. Plague is several varieties, which now makes no sense in detail to tell. Can only be indicated that they all differ extremely difficult.
Fortunately, humanity has some kind of surprisingly not extinct from the plague and survived until the middle of the XX century, when, finally, antibiotics were invented, which committed a coup in medicine. It turned out that plague bacteria die from the preparations of streptomycin and tetracycline rows. However, the effectiveness of therapy is really dependent on how quickly the treatment has begun. In addition to antibiotics, patients with plates are obtained by drugs supporting cardiac activity, disinfecting therapy and massive intravenous influxulations.
Plague in Russia:
- 1090, Kiev. Scary Mor embraced the whole city. Almost all residents died.
- 1570, Novgorod. The epidemic was accompanied by mass riots, during which Novgorod citizens have burned out of fear. Balays have become infected from their victims and became victims themselves.
- 1601-1609, in the Board of Boris Godunov, the plague were covered by 35 Russian cities. 480000 people died in Moscow alone.
- In the XIX century, 15 outbreaks of the plague took place in Russia.
- 1876-1895 years. More than 20,000 people fell ill in Siberia and Transbaikal.
- In 1812, 1829 and 1837, three outbursts of plague occurred in Odessa; 1433 people died.
- 1878, Lower Volga region, Silte. More than 500 people have become infected, and most of them died.
- 1931-1932 year. In the village of Alexandrov during the epidemic of 171, 3 people remained survivors.
Recently, information on the incidence of plague in the USSR is declassified:
- 1917-1926 - 1956 people
- 1927-1936 - 1037 people
- 1937-1946 - 415 people
- 1947-1956 - 53 people
- 1957-1966 - 42 people
- 1967-1976 - 30 people
- 1977-1986 - 9 people
- 1987-1989 - 5 people
TOTAL from 1917 to 1989, 3956 people got sick. Of these, 3259 died. There is an obvious tendency to reduce morbidity, especially in the middle of the 20th century.
I will not stop at that circumstance now that there are natural reservoirs of plague in Russia itself - in the steppes of the Astrakhan region, in the North Caucasus and in Tuva - there is now the epidemiological situation is calm. The main danger comes from the territory of India, where the plague epidemic is uncontrollably expands.
According to the World Health Organization, 4056 cases of plague, not confirmed by laboratory, including 48 deaths have already been noted in India. According to the Russian State Committee for Europe, on October 5, in India, 248 patients with laboratory data confirmed the diagnosis of plague. Official information of the Ministry of Health of India on the number of patients with plates is absent.
After the fall «Iron curtain» India has become one of the most visited by Russian tourists and commerces of countries. There is no accurate statistics of the number of visits, but it is clear that we are talking about dozens of thousands of people per year. Suppose that a certain tourist has become infected with Chuma, examining the sights of the ancient Indian land. While he flies home to Russia, there is a hidden (incubatory) period of development of a plaque infection. That is, a sick person appears from the plane of the aircraft, representing as mentioned above, the real danger to others. Knowing the level of domestic healthcare and traditionally the density attitude of Russian citizens to their health, it is not difficult to assume that the medical authorities will begin to take adequate measures when a hypothetically infected tourist will die (mortality from the plague without appropriate treatment - 98%), infecting in the last hours of its Life is a lot of compatriots.
Therefore, it seems solely timely and fair orders of the Chairman of the State Committee on Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia Evgenia Belyaeva.
The State Committee forbidden to provide any flights connecting Russia and India, including charter and transit. All Russian citizens who returned from India will be required to undergo a six-day quarantine. (Six days - the maximum period during which the infection can show itself in the form of a disease.) None of the arrivals from India under no circumstances can avoid medical examination.
According to Mr. Belyaev, the economic ties of Russia and India suffer slightly - since the maritime message is maintained in full. During long-term swimming, everyone who may get sick will get sick, that is, the vessel will execute the role of the observer (quarantine camp).
Over the past week, observants were created in several Russian cities. By the way, in order to avoid holding in such a observer, last week passengers of the plane flew from India to Chelyabinsk, staged a kind of strike, refusing to leave the salon. Note that in the case of Chuma, such forced measures aimed at preventing the dissemination of the disease are quite justified - we are talking about human lives.
Russian medical services are concerned about the situation in India, and therefore it is decided to deliver to Delhi from Moscow a batch of medicines and vaccines. Posted to the capital of India and two physicians who will observe the health of employees of the Russian Embassy. And on October 6, in Moscow, the same aircraft delivered from Delhi 260 tourists who will now spend the nearest week in the Observator near Moscow (former Pioneer Camp).
If any of them has become infected with Chuma, all services are ready to prevent an epidemic. Ready special transport, selected boxes for patients, doctors and all the service personnel, graft, of course, from the plague, - at a barrmyndal position, around the observator - security, no one has the right to get out of it, nor enter in.
It should be especially noted that experts do not recommend immediately to make preventive vaccinations: the focus of the plague in Russia is currently no, and the likelihood of becoming fadingly mala.
