The cervical cancer - the Beach of all modern women is a malignant tumor, which, according to medical statistics, among the oncological diseases arising from representatives of the fine sex, ranks fourth (after the cancer of the stomach, skin and the mammary glands). The source of the cervical tumor cervix serve normal cells covering the cervix.
Content
cervical cancer
Every year this tumor detect more than 600 thousand patients. Although
Usually, cervical cancer arises aged 40-60 years old, but unfortunately,
Recently he has grown.
Cancer cervical cancer
As with other oncological diseases, risk factors
The appearance of cervical cancer is an elderly age, impact
Radiation and chemical carcinogens.
In addition, scientists have proven that there is a cervical cancer and such
viral infections like genital herpes and papillomavirus,
There is direct communication. For example, human papilloma virus (Human
Papilloma Virus - HPV) is detected in 95% of cancer patients. And in women,
infected with both viruses, chance to get cervical cancer
Increases 2-3 times compared to healthy. Thus,
It turns out that cervical cancer tends to transmit sex
by, and for these malicious viruses, even a condom is not a barrier.
Doctors found that the presence of six and more sexual partners
One woman increases the risk of developing cervical cancer in 11
once. Especially high incidence of prostitutes, but
virgins he is almost equal to zero.
Most often, the tumor occurs in women who:
- Early (up to 16 years) began to lead sexual life;
- ended early pregnancy and early first childbirth (up to 16 years);
- lead an erratic sex life;
- made a lot of abortions;
- suffer in inflammatory and venereal diseases;
- smoke a lot;
- long time take hormonal contraceptives;
- suffer impaired immunity.
What's happening?
Cervical cancer rarely appears with no. Usually
The tumor occurs against the background of the precancerous states, to which they include:
Erosion, Flat Condylomas on the cervix, scar changes after
childbirth and abortion, as well as changes in the properties of cervical cells,
arising from long-term inflammatory processes. IN
average transformation from the prejudice to the cancer tumor takes from 2 to
15 years. Subsequent transition from the initial stage of cancer in the final
lasts 1-2 years.
First the tumor damages only the cervix, then gradually
Begins to germinate surrounding organs and fabrics. During the disease
Tumor cells can be transferred with Lymph current to
nearby lymph nodes and to form new tumor nodes there
(metastases).
How to recognize?
A woman can hardly guess about the developing cervical cancer on
initial stages of the disease. Usually everything proceeds asymptomatic. More often
In total, the early stages of cancer randomly reveals a gynecologist on the plan
examination of the patient.
However, a woman must be alert if she had whitish
With a small admixture of blood selection from the vagina. The larger the tumor
and the longer it exists, the greater the probability that it will arise
Blood selection from the vagina after sexual intercourse, raising
weights, straightening, douching. These symptoms appear when
The cervix already has ulcerations with a rupture of blood vessels.
In the future, as cancer develops, nervous plexuses are squeezed
Small pelvis, which is accompanied by the appearance of sacrum pain,
Lans and at the bottom of the belly.
When progressing the cervical cancer, and the spread of the tumor on
Low pelvis organs appear such symptoms as pain in the back, legs,
Foot swelling, urination and defecation. Sounds may occur,
Connecting intestines and vagina.
Diagnosis of cervical cancer
The diagnosis of cervical cancer begins in the doctor's gynecologist office.
During the inspection: the finger test of the vagina, the inspection of the cervix
Uterus with gynecological mirrors and colposcopy (research,
conducted with the help of a special optical device Colposcope)
The doctor defines the state of the cervix, the presence of neoplasms on it.
In the study, biopsy can be performed - taking a piece of fabrics for
Subsequent histological research. If suspicion of gynecologist
Requirmed, the patient is sent for advice to the oncologist.
To detect cervical cancer in the early stages there is
Special test. It is recommended regularly (at least once every 2 years)
pass every woman after 40 years. With a small stick with
The cervix takes the smear, then this smear is painted special
dye and explored under the microscope. The method is called
"Cytological Research Sailing from the surface of the cervix", in
English-speaking countries - Papinicolau test, USA - PAP SMEAR.
In some cases, the doctor may appoint an ultrasound. Through
CT scan and magnetic resonant tomography of the abdominal cavity and
pelvic organs can determine the size and localization of cancer
lesions, as well as install whether local lymph nodes are affected.
Treatment
cervical cancer
Treatment of cervical cancer combined and includes operation,
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In each case, treatment
it is assigned individually, it depends on the disease stage,
concomitant diseases, cervical states and availability
inflammatory diseases are currently.
During the surgical operation, a tumor can be removed from
part of the cervix, the removal of the tumor along with the cervix, and sometimes
With the most uterus. Often the operation is complemented by the removal of lymphatic
nodes of a small pelvis (if cancer cells have time to be buried). Question
The removal of the ovaries is solved, as a rule, individually (on early
Stages of cancer in young women ovaries can be saved).
After the operation, if necessary, the patients assign radiation
Therapy. Treatment of ionizing radiation can be complemented
Surgical treatment and appointed separately. In the treatment of cervical cancer
The uterus can be used chemotherapy, special medicines,
Stopping and dividing cancer cells. Unfortunately opportunities
Chemotherapy in this disease is strongly limited.
The success of the treatment of cervical cancer depends on age
Patients, the correctness of the selection of therapy, and, most importantly, from early
Diagnosis of the disease. When cervical cancer detect on early
stages, the forecast is very favorable and the disease can be cured by one
Surgical methods.
If the treatment has begun in the early stages of the disease, in 45-60%
Patients have a chance to fully recover, and in 90% - to live even though
Five years old. If the disease found too late when
Metastases appeared, there are no guarantees.
