Osteoarthritis - the most common joint disease. Family after 50 years have no signs of this disease. It is much easier to warn than cured, and for warnings you need to know the causes and mechanism of development. Read more about these issues in the article.
Content
Osteoarthritis is a very common disease of the joints, which suffer from about 80% of Russia's population aged 50-60 years. In many cases, the first symptoms of osteoarthrosis are noted much earlier: already in 30-40 year old people.
As you know, the joint is formed by the articular surfaces of bones covered with cartilage cloth. With osteoarthritis, first of all, articular cartilage is affected. With different movements, the cartilage plays the role of a shock absorber, reducing the pressure on the articular surfaces of the bones and ensuring their light slide relative to each other. Chrying consists of fibers, loosely located in the matrix.
The matrix is an embelting substance formed by special compounds - glycosaminoglycans. Due to the matrix, the cartilage and restoration of damaged fibers is carried out. This structure makes cartilage like a sponge - in a calm state, it absorbs the liquid, and when the load squeezes it into the articular cavity, ensuring that «Lubrication» Sustav.
During the lifetime, cartilage reacts flexibly into stereotypical, thousands of times a repeated load arising from some types of work, running, jumps and t.NS. This constant load leads to aging and destruction of part of the fibers, which in a healthy joint is replenished with the formation of the same number of new fibers.
Osteoarthrosis development mechanism
Osteoarthritis develops with a violation of equilibrium between the formation of a new building material for the restoration of cloth of cartilage and destruction. As a result, a kind of less valuable cartilage structure arises, capable of absorbing smaller volumes of water. Cartilage becomes more dry, brittle and in response to the load of its fiber easily split.
As the arrangement progressing, the layer of cartilage, covering the joint surfaces, is becoming thinner until complete destruction. Along with cartilage, bone tissue under it. At the edges of the joint, bone growths are formed, as if compensating cartilage loss due to an increase in the joint surfaces. This is the reason for the deformations of the joints in Arthrosis. Typically, such a condition is called «salt deposits», What is just the non-Medicine name osteoarthrosis.
Causes of development of osteoarthrosis
Some kind of reason leading to the development of this disease seems to do not exist. A number of factors are important, one way or another weakening cartilage, the harmful effects of which throughout life is summed up and in the end leads to the development of arthrosis. The beginning of the disease in this situation can be characterized as an unfavorable set of circumstances, and each person has these circumstances different. Nevertheless, several factors can be distinguished, the presence of which increases the risk of developing arthrosis.
Injuries
Promoting the development of arthrosis can strong one-time injuries, accompanied by injury, fracture, dislocation, damage to the ligament apparatus of the joint, or the repeated microtraumaticization of the joint. Microtraumatization is the reason for the development of arthrosis among representatives of a number of professions. An example is the development of the arrangement of the knee joint in miners, football players; Arthrosis of the elbow and shoulder joints in people working with a jackhammer; Arthrosis of the small joints of the brushes in secretaries, tipples; Arthrosis of the ankle joints at the ballerin; Arthrosis of the joints of the hands at boxers and t.D.
Accompanying illnesses
Any metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders contribute to the development of arthrosis. Arthrosis is more often developing in fat people, in patients with diabetes, people with thyroid disease, women in the menopausal period. Various circulatory disorders in limbs, such as varicose veins, atherosclerosis, can also provoke the development of arthrosis.
Genetic predisposition
It has been proven that the predisposition to individual forms of arthrosis with the defeat of many joints is inherited. In women whose mother suffered from this form of arthrosis, the risk of getting raised.
Congenital features
Currently, great attention is paid to the connective tissue dysplasia syndrome. This congenital weakness of the connective tissue, which consists of most of our body. It is manifested by excessive mobility of the joints, early development of osteochondrosis, flat-painting. With no observance of a certain motor regime, this state can lead to the development of arthrosis at a young age. Another pretty congenital anomaly - a complete or incomplete dislocation of the hip joint (which is why preventive inspections of newborns are held immediately after birth), which, if it is wrong, or incorrectly treated, leads to the heavy form of osteoarthrosis of the hip joint.
Aging
With age, the cartilage becomes less elastic and loses its resistance to the load. This does not mean that all people in old age developing arthrosis. But in the presence of other predisposing factors, with age, the risk of getting rising.
