In various countries, annually from 60 to 100 people per 1 million. Populations require renal renal therapy due to the development of terminal (last) stage of chronic renal failure (TKPN). Is there an alternative to renal renal therapy?
Content
In various countries, annually from 60 to 100 people per 1 million. Populations require renal renal therapy due to the development of terminal (last) stage of chronic renal failure (TKPN). To date, there are 3 methods to maintain life of such patients:
- Chronic hemodialysis;
- Peritoneal dialysis;
- Kidney transplantation.
The first two methods allow to extend the life of patients for many years, but require regular procedure (2-3 times a week) in stationary or outpatient sterile conditions. Patient «Tied» to the place of dialysis. He cannot go on vacation, fishing, on a business trip and t.D. Both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are methods for replacing the kidney function.
However, despite the constantly improving medical techniques and technology of the procedure of hemodialysis, there are quite a few negative side effects and circumstances that reduce the quality of life of the patient. In particular, chronic hemodialysis over time leads to a decrease in hemoglobin blood content, bone destruction and t.D. That is why chronic hemodialysis can only be considered as an intermediate link of treatment. The best ultimate goal for such people who gives a chance to a full-fledged and active life, only the kidney transplantation can be considered.
Advantages of kidney transplantation
Thanks to the emergence of new drugs overwhelming immunity, and improving the technique of operation, the percentage of transplant survival during the first year after transplantation (this period was selected in transplantology as an installation) rose over the past twenty years by 40-50%, reaching 95%, and the quality of life of patients After the transplant improved several times. Thus, the kidney transplantation is a more rational way to treat people suffering from the last stage of chronic renal failure.
The quality of life and the degree of rehabilitation achieved in patients with transplanted kidney is much higher than in patients on dialysis. 79% of all the number of transplant recipients live almost a normal life compared with 47% and 59% of patients in continued outpatient peritoneal dialysis or hemodialase, respectively. In addition, it is shown that kidney transplant, as a method of treating patients with chronic renal failure, effectively and from an economic point of view. So unambiguous that kidney transplant — This is the treatment of choice in terminal chronic renal failure. Among the adult population, transplantation is most often performed in chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, hypertonic nephrohangickerosis and diabetic nephropathy.
Transplantation problems
The fact that two kidneys are given to the nature of nature, it allows for approximately one third of the kidney patients from a living related donor. For other transplants require a corpse body. The shortage of body organs strongly limits the transplantation of organs and tissues, since only donors with the death of the brain are acceptable (with a working heart). And only about 1% of dying patients complies with the existing donor selection criteria.
Currently, when more than 30 thousand kidney transplants are performed annually, the question of the deficit of donor bodies is extremely acute. Especially acute, due to known circumstances, the problem of lack of donor organs and, accordingly, the extremely low security of the kidney transplantation is in Russia.
The most effective way to partially solve this problem in world practice was the use of renal grafts from living related donors. According to various authors, the number of transplants from living donors has increased by more than 100% over the 90s.
So, the kidney transplantation from a living related donor is a priority direction of renal care in the conditions of the growing deficit of donor bodies. The results of related transplantation are undoubtedly better compared to corpse transplants. As a result, this method deserves wider recognition and distribution in Russia's transplant centers.
