How to live after surgery

According to statistics, the lion's share of the pathologies of the thyroid gland in an adult
The population of our country is a nodal colloid goiter. This term
combines a lot of different diseases, ranging from knots,
formed under the influence of certain factors, and ending with cancer
thyroid gland.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of Prevention and Treatment
iodine-containing diseases of the Endocrinological Scientific Center RAMS
Ekaterina Anatolyevna Troshin tells how to live without thyroid
glands?

Catherine Troin: Naturally, it is possible to live without thyroid gland, for
There are methods allowing to ensure the patient quite normal quality
Life. The state that people acquire after the operation is called
hypothyroidism - that is, when the function of the gland is reduced. Therefore, first
queue need to talk about substitution therapy, in other words, about
assigning hormones that produces this body. The main one -
Tyroxin. Take it in the form of medication dosage forms.

And drugs need to drink constantly?

E.T.:
Yes, hormones have to be taken throughout. Single reception
in the morning, an empty stomach, the dose of the drug that is usually calculated on
kilogram body mass. It is very important that people adhere to
recommendations of the endocrinologist, were not engaged in self-medication and used
it is medicines, and not widely common biologically
Active additives, since to fill in any other deficiency of the function
thyroid gland simply impossible.

Can a person with remote thyroid gland some time to do without hormonal drugs?

E.T.: If the thyroid gland is completely removed, then live more or less
Normally, without taking medication, you can within a month. Then by
The symptoms of the lack of the thyroid function will begin
up to the most unpleasant consequences. If iron is partially removed,
For example, one share, the symptoms will still manifest, only in more
erased form, and the quality of life will break. Man live, of course,
It will be, but it will become fat, weakness, lethargy, constipation,
The level of cholesterol will increase, will begin to progress atherosclerosis, and
All this sooner or later will lead to irreversible consequences in
in particular, violation of cardiovascular activities.

But many, Ekaterina Anatolyevna, are afraid to take hormones...

E.T.: When the thyroid gland, as they say, in place and functions
OK, it produces the same hormones that are appointed
Patient. Therefore, it is necessary to fear not substantive therapy, but, on the contrary,
noncompensated hypothyroidism: its consequences can be enough
Serious. If a person for some reason has not received for a long time
hormones, the hypothyroid coma is not excluded, as an extreme manifestation
Diseases that can lead to death. Fortunately, with
Similar cases we are rare. Much more often observed
disorders from the cardiovascular system, infertility in persons with
noncompensated hypothyroidism.

Hormonal medicines are expensive?

E.T.: In all countries, drugs for the treatment of hypothyroidism discharge more often
any other medicines that speaks about the prevalence of the disease.
They are in any pharmacy and are quite accessible: for example, the number
The pills required for the patient for a month is equal at the price of two bundles
Cigarettes, which in a different smoker grabs for a day.

But not everyone is ready for an operation to remove the thyroid gland. except
of some, especially women, still stops the appearance
Postoperative Swine.

E.T.: Of course, the seam remains, but I can not say - that he disfigured
neck. Modern technologies allow you to make it practically
Unnoticed. As for the operation... Like any operational
intervention, it has risks. But if there is a testimony, then,
Of course, it must be carried out.

And yet - when a person should decide to surgery?

E.T.: The testimony for the operation is always determined by the doctor. It is desirable that
It was a qualified endocrinologist. But if there is
doubts - it's not a secret, sometimes a person does not trust a particular doctor, -
No one prevents the patient to consult anywhere else, collect
several opinions and based on them to make a decision.

With what number of nodes in the thyroid gland is necessary?

E.T.:
Even if there is one node, and it is more than 3 cm, it is already an indication for
Operations. The fact is that in the neck area there is not so much space, and nodes
Large sizes begin to put pressure on nearby organs - trachea,
esophagus, interfering to breathe, swallow food. And, of course, there is no
doubt about the need for surgical treatment when the tumor is revealed
thyroid gland.

If the node is benign, colloidal, small size, and
The thyroid gland is working normally, with the operation should be closed.
However, with any node, the procedure is obligatory - puncture biopsy,
Which will show how to be further: either a node can be treated with tablets,
Either it must be deleted, or limited to observation.

It happens, the nodes are so small that it is difficult to punish them. How to be?

E.T.: If nodes are less than 1 cm, they can only be observed and recommended
iodine prophylaxis. By the way, such a patient must necessarily
use iodized salt. If a node is more than 1 cm, it is necessary
puncturing because even in a small node there may be cancer, and
With a normal hormone background. First place always comes out
Puncture.

Suppose, one share of the thyroid gland has been removed, is it possible to appear the node in the remaining?

E.T.: Perhaps, in such situations, the patient is prescribed combined
Preparations: When the medication includes not only thyroid hormones
glands, but also iodine - in the required quantity. Such a combination will be
Protect the remaining stake from the formation of a new node.

And the re-operation is not excluded?

E.T.: Alas! Especially in cases where a person was operated on in
Non-profile institution. Today, unfortunately, on the thyroid gland
Operate all who are not lazy, for example, general practitioner surgeons. Sometimes
Operation is not fully implemented, recurrences arise, and man
falls on the operating table re-.

If one share of the thyroid gland has been removed, hormones also need to take all his life?

E.T.: Most often yes, but the dosage may be less because
The remaining part of the gland continues to produce them. Dose of drugs
selected according to the results of analyzes.

How much does the person change after removing the thyroid gland, which, for example, occurs with its character?

E.T.: As is known, with thyrotoxicosis (increased hormone production)
Man - irritable, active. With hypothyroidism, opposite,
Passive, apathetic. He will be the same after the operation without receiving
Replacement therapy. If it becomes adequate
Medicinal preparations, with his character nothing will happen.

A man with remote thyroid gland must continue to be observed at the endocrinologist?

E.T.: Necessarily. This is necessary in order to control the dose
Medicinal preparations. Just once a year to appear at the doctor,
give blood to hormones.

The pathology of the thyroid gland often causes various female diseases. What should pay attention in this case?

E.T.:
Yes, women in pre-menopausal and mailing age often
have problems with thyroid gland. However, everything is interconnected. IN
Clemakse period often appear momas, mastopathy, because
The body go hyperplastic processes leading to occurrence
nodes, including in the thyroid gland. This must be remembered, and if
50-year-old woman has, for example, myoma, you need to do ultrasound thyroid
glands to see if there was anything there.

A remote thyroid gland can provoke female illness?

E.T.: No, it's more likely to talk about possible infertility. If
young woman removed thyroid gland and she wants to have a child her
Be sure to take drugs appointed by the doctor,
and do not stop their reception during pregnancy. During this period extremely
It is important to observe the endocrinologist, then everything will be fine.

Is there any, Ekaterina Anatolyevna, any restrictions in nutrition after the removal of the thyroid gland?

E.T.: Restrictions, as well as some specific diets or special
No recommendations. Pour a patient can, as usual. Lifestyle -
Also familiar.

Folk remedies, in particular, herbal fees, or products can complement replacement therapy?

E.T.: If the thyroid gland is removed, iodo-containing products,
For example, sea cabbage, it will not help here: there is no point of application
iodine that contains it. If part of the gland is removed, then
the diet should be cabbage, seafood, and, of course,
iodized salt. In some special herbal charges of necessity
No. And here are the well-known common agents from Arsenal People
Medicines will not damage.

I will add, people with remote thyroid gland can sunbathe in the sun,
Naturally, in reasonable limits. But in the presence of nodes, thermal
Procedures, including physiotherapeutic, on the neck area is better
limit how, however, and staying in the sun.

Still, Ekaterina Anatolyevna, in the body of a person of unnecessary organs. It seems that thyroid gland is also no exception?

E.T.: Sure! In principle, since childhood it is necessary to make prevention
Diseases of thyroid gland. All over the world is still in the first place
- Eating iodized salt. With the collapse of the Soviet Union with us,
It was, problems with its production. And as a result - a splash
thyroid diseases that are observing today.

So iodized salt on the table - a reliable guarantee that in
your family you will reduce the risk of this ailment. And start worrying about
thyroid gland it is necessary when it is still quite normal. To S
The flow of time did not appear, which will be the subject
Operations.