Today we will again touch on the topic of infectious diseases. This time our site will tell about illness with an unusual name - «piggy». Readers will learn why it got such a name, what his distinctive symptoms, as it proceeds, does complications have complications. An important role will be assigned treatment and preventive measures.
Overview of the disease
In the people, this infectious disease has long been called «Pig» or caress. But in medical practice it got a strict name - epidemic vapotitis. It is characterized by a sharp flow with fever (elevated temperature), general intoxication with a virus, is mainly affected by one or two salivary glands, they increase and inflamed. Often the virus provokes inflammation in other glands (thyroid, eggs in men and boys, ovaries in women and girls). Possible complications and in the nervous system. Preferably, children from the age of 2 to 14 years in the winter and spring months are sick. In the past ten years, cases of boys in adolescence and men are increasingly found, they have become more infected with. Sometimes the virus does not bypasses girls and women.
Description of the epidemic parotitis occurs in the writings of the hypocratic. In 1790, Hamilton described complications. Our scientists - Filatov, Romanov, Trinity, contributed to the study of the disease. In Russia, vaccinocylaxis has been introduced since 1981.
Sources and ways of infection
It has been established that the culprit of the parotitis is the representative of the Paramyiksovirus. Infection of this infection comes from a patient, which highlights the virus with air-droplet (with saliva, droplets and evaporation when talking, yawn, involuntary sneezing). Another way to transfer the pathogen is pin, it is possible through infected items - a toothbrush, children's toys, cups, glasses, from which they saw sick, when using a spoon, several people, as well as towels, handkerchiefs and bedding. If a woman is ill in the last days of pregnancy, the virus can go to the fetus.
Features of the flow of infection
The penetration of the pathogen into the body occurs through the respiratory tract to the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and throat. Next, the virus should be in blood and dealt with a stream in fabrics and organs, here is such a cunning journey. The best conditions for the reproduction of this kind of viruses are created in large salivary glands located near the ears, sometimes the process of inflammation and increases on the one hand, but more often - from two. And in 10% of cases, glands are affected under the lower jaw and language.
The incubation period is 11-25 days, sometimes less.
What symptoms are characteristic?
In the first two days, you can notice changes in the mood and health of the child, it plays less, gets tired, frustrated (chills), there is a breakdown and depression. Adults are still added pain in joints, muscles and heads.
Then the sharp stage begins, the temperature is noted in the range from 37 to 40 ° C. And now the main and main symptom is already stated - an increase in the size and swelling of the parole. With the feeling of the region around the patient's ears complains of pain, reinforcing near the lobe - ahead and rear. Near the duct of the inflamed gland noticeably redness. Some infected hurt and discomfort to chew, swallow and even talk. Face form «swine» becomes round, from here and the name of the disease. Peak symptoms fall on 4-5 days, then they weaken, the total duration of the vapotitis is about 10 days. This is if there is no complications, the MirSet reader will know about them in the relevant section.
If relatives have noticed the described symptoms, the patient should be isolated if possible from other people in a separate room and call the clinic to call a doctor. The coming doctor will ask whether a child has or adult contact with an infected media of a virus in kindergarten or other place, and after inspection will be diagnosed. It is important to distinguish steaming from other similar in symptoms of diseases. These include SalyaDenit (also inflammation, but already of other nature, which arises due to violation of the functioning of the fiber of the gland). The second similar disease is lymphadenitis (this is inflammation of cervical or submandibular lymph nodes).
Blood analysis on the corresponding antibodies can disseminate all doubts.
Possible complications
Children often disease occurs in light or medium form. But in adult people or with weak immunite there is a risk of complications.
If the virus has chosen the testicles as a target, the orchita arises. This inflammation of the genital organs of boys and men is most common. Therefore, it is necessary to inspect the genital organs of the child. The affected eggs increase in size, the scrotum blushes and looks like Etcho, all this is accompanied by pain that can give down the abdomen. Such manifestations arise on 5-8 days of illness. In some cases, only one egg is inflamed. To avoid atrophy of eggs and infertility in the future, treatment must be carried out in hospital. Timely actions of doctors will prevent irreversible death of the fabrics, which will retain the production of sperm in the future. To weaken the pain, you can make a belt and a kind of bandage from a sterile bandage so to raise eggs. You can make a cool water heating. It is prohibited to impose heat and independent lubrication with lotions and ointments, these actions can harm.
In women and girls, inflammation in the ovaries (ooforite), accompanied by an increase in temperature and pain in the field of female reproductive organs, it rarely happens.
If the virus is introduced into the pancreas for 4-7 days after the start of the disease, its inflammation begins - pancreatitis. What is characteristic of him? Strichly pain, encircling or concentrated in the navel zone, emptying the intestines with deviations from the norm (constipation or diarrhea), are allowed and vomiting, and the temperature rises again. To prevent appendicitis and worsening well-being, it is necessary call «Ambulance». Before the arrival of doctors you can only give water. Antibiotics, painful, enemas, heels and other self-medication is unacceptable!
Another reason for the immediate challenge of physicians is a complication in the form of meningitis, that is, the inflammation of the brain shells. Such symptoms must alert: the temperature rise, strong painful headache, tensions of the occipital muscles and the inability to lower the head. The situation may be aggravated by convulsions and even loss of consciousness. To prevent the brain edema, doctors recommend to give diakarb, it will have a diuretic effect and dismiss extra liquid. Dose is selected according to age.
What is the treatment?
If form «Ginger» Easy or medium, then maybe at home. As a rule, with complications of the patient placed in the hospital. Houses prescribed bed or semi-noar modes. In a relaxed setting, the body on their own in short time will independently cope with infection and create a lifelong immunity, the re-infection will be impossible. So how to swallow and chew painful, then the food should be easy. Food make liquid or semi-liquid - milk porridge, vegetable soup, fruit. Nothing to give nothing, it will aggravate the suffering of the inflamed glands. To not provoke Pancreatitis, Do not give anything sharp, smoked or roasted. Rollen thirst and dry water will help warm water, sweetened compote (apricot, apple, plum). It is useful to brew linden flowers (for a glass of boiling water we take a tablespoon of crushed raw materials, the length of insteading is at least 30 minutes, drink during the day). Careful chamomile tea or a rosehip drink. Do it simple. We take the handful of fruits and pour into a thermos, fill 600 ml of boiling water, insist the night or 5 hours in the afternoon. To drink in several techniques, better through a tube straw so as not to damage the enamel of the teeth with organic acids contained in the fruits, or just suck the mouth after drink. Having adopted, it is better to rinse with water oral cavity. For this, a solution of sodium bicarbonate is still used (100 ml of warm water and 2 g of ordinary soda). This solution is sometimes replaced in the infusion of Sage Leaves. Boiling 400 ml of water and pour it two teaspoons of crushed sage. Under the closed lid, we leave for 30 minutes. After polling the rinse is ready. So the development of the virus on the mucous membranes is suppressed.
At the exhaustive temperature above 38.5 ° C, drugs containing the antipyretic component of paracetamol can be given, the dose determines the doctor according to age. When the temperature decreases, you can apply dry heat to salivary glands. Suitable in a linen bag simple salt. Does not prevent overlapping on the neck of a woolenic character or a down shawl. Previously, parents put compresses with camphor oil on inflamed glands, but now not all pediatricians approve it. When the disease goes to a decline, you can give candy-lollipops to improve salivation.
Preventive measures (disinfection, vaccinations)
Wet cleaning and frequent ventilation - for granted events in a fireplace of a parmotit infection. Be sure to boil the dishes that the sick. To destroy the virus, clothes and bedding erase in a typewriter at a temperature of 90 °.
The kids who still accidentally in contact with the carrier of the virus, doctors can assign Gamma Globulin.
Due to the high risk of serious complications, immunologists advise parents not to neglect vaccines. The first stage - the vaccine is introduced to a child aged from 1 to 1.5 years, the second stage - re-introduction of 6-7 years old. If in one year old vaccination it was impossible, it is allowed to be allowed from 3 to 4 years (sometimes vaccinated even in 6-7 years old).
You can make a selection of vaccines, domestic or imported producers are released.
Of all the above it follows that children transfer epidemic vapotitis easier than adults. Correct patient care helps reduce the risk of potential complications. And the vaccine-philantal and strengthening of immunity, as statistics show data, have reduced the number of cases of infection with this disease in the last 3 years.
