Despite the fact that the owner of a microorganism is a cat, a person does not need to become a carrier of toxoplasm. When bacterium falls into the human body, talking about toxoplasmosis. Representatives of the Feline family - not the only «habitat» Toxoplasma. MyMedinform.COM warns that the causative agent of the disease was also discovered in dogs, guinea pigs, rabbits, cows, sheep, pigs, some predatory animals and rodents.
The most detrimental effects of the disease has for women «pregnant»: The causative agent is transmitted from the mother to the yet born baby. Infection is often becoming a stumbling block for a normal baby tooling, can provoke a number of congenital malfunctions of intrauterine development in the fetus.
Variants of infection of toxoplasma
- Through poorly roasted meat and sausage products that did not pass sufficient heat treatment through water.
- Through items and soil contaminated with feline feces (for example, during planting plants or gardening in the garden). Cal animal becomes contagious on the third day after ripening cyst pathogen.
- Toxoplasma contacts in the body of the fetus by transplascent transmission from a mother with acute toxoplasma infection.
- Infection on the basis of non-compliance with the elementary rules of personal hygiene (lack of thorough and regular cleaning in the house, cleaning feline toilets without gloves, poor-quality handling of the dissertations after harvesting a cat tray).
Features of pregnant women infection
If the toxoplasmosis causative agent penetrates the body of the future mother for the first time, the risk of fetal infection is very high. In the case when the woman was infected before pregnant, the protective forces of its body reliably fence the baby from the parasite when he repeatedly penetrate it.
The sooner the contact of a pregnant woman with a pathogenic microorganism, the less risk of congenital toxoplasmosis in a child. When infecting the future mother in late pregnancy, in the third trimester, the probability of a congenital disease is more than 85%. Infection of a woman in I trimester is dangerous to the fetus of only 10-25% of cases. True, toxoplasmosis in the greater half of this number is carried out very hard. The infection of the future kid toxoplasma is practically excluded if the mother suffered a disease long before pregnancy.
The effects of toxoplasmosis for the fetus
When identifying the disease, pregnant women take into account the symptoms of the disease and the results of laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnosis.
Analyzes for determining the presence of toxoplasm in the body during pregnancy:
- RNIF (indirect immunofluorescence reaction);
- RCK (Complement Binding Reaction);
- ELISA (immunoferment analysis).
RNIF can be noted, starting from the first week of infection. Maximum indicators become 2-4 months from the moment of infection and, if the toxoplasmosis is chronic, remain those for a long time.
RSK is positive since 14 days, the maximum reaches after 2-4 months of the disease. At the expiration of a larger period of time, the reaction indicators become negative or low-rise - the diagnosis of chronic and hidden forms of toxoplasmosis is hampered.
The closest attention is paid to the data of blood test data by IFA: it reveals the presence of IGM and IgG immunoglobulins, with which all the forms of the disease are distinguished.
As an additional way to confirm the disease, an allergic skin trial with toxoplasmic. It shows positive results over one or two months. A positive reaction to toxoplasmin is determined by the overall reaction of the body, an increase in papula in diameter, its pain, an increase in lymph nodes.
General blood analysis A person infected with a man's parasite shows a decrease in the number of lymphocytes - leukopenia.
Tool methods for diagnosing toxoplasmosis:
- X-ray - determines the presence of intracerebal calcification formations in the dark, frontal, occipital or temporal fractions of the brain. In addition, such formations can be formed in muscles;
- Diagnostics of the Eye DNA - reveals changes in the form of scars. This is the first sign of chorioretinite;
- Lymph nodes biopsy - allows you to distinguish toxoplasm from other parasites.
Treatment of toxoplasmosis in future mothers
The most effective considers drugs acting by pyrimetamine, and sulfonamide medicines - they reduce the ability of parasite enzymes to synthesize folic acid in its body.
Macrolide drugs have proven themselves as a fairly effective means that suspend protein synthesis in the body of toxoplasm.
With a hidden form of the disease, when these samples are positive, but there are no symptoms, the treatment is not carried out. When infected in the period I trimester, the danger of congenital toxoplasmosis is low, but pregnant in any case provides the ability to interrupt pregnancy to avoid possible severe fetal destruction.
If a woman insists on preservation of pregnancy, sperscine-based therapy. Since the beginning of the II trimester, a combination of pyrimetamine and sulfonamide preparations are prescribed, the reception of which alternate with the courses of Spiramycin. This treatment adheres to all pregnancy, but 2 weeks before the expected clans sulfonamide drugs are canceled. To avoid side effects from pyrimetamine and sulfonamides (they can suppress the function of bone marrow), adopt folic acid.
So that there is no toxoplasmosis in future mothers
- Meat and meat products are subject to the most thorough heat treatment.
- Salads and fruits should be wedged with plenty of boiled water.
- Cat is better feeding canned or dry food. The tray of the animal is brushing every day, the procedure is completed by the fact that they are covered with boiling water. Cleaning is better to do in gloves and soap wash more often.
- When any suspicious symptoms appear (for example, inhalation of lymph nodes), the pregnant woman needs to immediately consult a doctor.
- For an infected child born from a woman with a reliably installed primary toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, whose health is in order, are observed until they reach 10 years.
