Frequently ill children, treatment and prevention

Currently diagnosed «Frequently ill child» Sign, unfortunately, many mothers. We are faced with this problem most often when the baby is received in kindergarten or nursery. The pediatrician at each visit is steadily posing ARVI and sends all the same means as a month ago. The result is long runny nose, «incomprehensible» Cough, which remained for a long time, allergic to drugs, eternal hospital ... Chronic diseases, the list of which can be continued infinitely. Therefore, it is so acute and the problem of the absolute ignorance of parents about the general state of the health of their child, as well as the methods of protecting the kid's body in the future. I draw the attention of readers Our site that this material is compiled exclusively with recommendation purposes, a template for conducting children who do not have chronic pathology.

What you need to remember all parents

So, often a long-friendly child is considered a child who, without having chronic diseases and born healthy, has time to get sick over 4 times for the year. Such a definition is not definitely in mind the age criteria, but combines most of the concepts in one.

But often a sick child is not a sentence. This is just an exclamation mark, as you and the doctor. Consequently, such a child needs both competent and timely treatment and in the prevention of complications and new diseases.

Why the number of frequent children is increasing?

Here are the options mass, consider the most significant of them.

one. Failure to immunite. Few of the moms think about the true reason why her baby was never sick to 1.5 years old, suddenly begins to cough continuously, the runny nose does not pass all year round, and here also preventive vaccinations should be done.

Most parents rightly believed that in the manger going «acquaintance» their child with various viruses, bacteria and other agents. And, of course, immunity, recognizing them, gives a failure. It's true, but partly. And the fact is that our children come to the manger «The second critical period of immunogenesis».

At this time (from the year to 2 years) there is a gradual change of passive (received from mom with milk) immunity to only a beginner developing an active (its own, unique) immunity.

But the problem is that active immunity is just beginning its formation, and falling into extreme conditions (superinfection in children's preschool institutions), has no own forces to combat. It fails. The child begins to continuously root ..

2. The next and no less important reason is environment. Scientifically proven that the most frequent, long-term, complicated respiratory diseases (ARVI, ORZ, RS infection and T.D.) They are celebrated in children living in areas located near the railway tracks, plants for the assembly of metal structures. For comparison: Goob and other diseases of the thyroid gland are more common in children and people who have an impact from refineries, paint industry factories. Group cases of intestinal infections are more often observed in children living near water intake stations and on the shores of shipping rivers.

3. Psychological and social climate in the family. An important role is played by grafted baby before entering Nursery, hygienic skills and skills. If the hands of the house werehed once a day, you should not expect from the baby of the pureliness and in the future. Parents are an example for imitation, so it is so important in the presence of a kid (and in the absence) to file a good example.

4. Wide, simple Huge assortment of drugs, Homeopathic preparations, and just funds promising instantaneous recovery. Of course, my mother is not difficult to understand: I want your baby to recover seeking, I want to go to work. But it is important to adequately perceive the received advertising information, analyze and evaluate.

Quite often, mom at the reception asks: «Doctor, tell me, I bought the drug N ***, he says dear, because quite wonderful ... But here is not enough, we are allergic, and it looks like him ... what to do?» Hence the fair question arises: «Mom, and you, when it was bought, came to consult or at least called? NO. And now, giving a child a little-known and very dubious drug, you offer me to deal with your laughter ..»

The situation is banal, but not less rarely found. Unfortunately. So, parents, «Collected» information around (and people who willingly tell about «High healing» just a huge amount - grandmothers, friends-girlfriend, neighbors, colleagues, acquaintances, even in transport a random conversation), throw it starting to all. And the result of such self-treatment is usually deplorable. Or a mother who has a child with a banal Alfa himself recovered on the 7th day, believes that these granules / candles / powders / ointments / oars / bumps / oxides helped ..

Hence our task: Prevention is not only the fact of the incidence of our children, but also prevention among parents that not all that is good, which helped a neighbor.

five. Next, probably the last most significant aspect in the incidence of children - behavior rules. «And what to him, one and a half year, can be instilled?» - you ask. And it is possible, and a rather large spectrum of skills, in the form of role-playing games.

I offer readers our site such an option. It is necessary to clearly divide the nature of actions and their assessment, for this we take red, yellow and green cards (circles, balls, dolls).

1st Action Group (Red Card) are those actions that cannot be done under any circumstances and never. Here we will take it to start: toys to take in the mouth can not; nipple from the floor in the mouth do not cook, do not take the land in the mouth, sand.

2nd (yellow card) - what can be done in the presence of certain conditions (and, accordingly, cannot be done in the absence of conditions). For example, you need to turn away if you cough you; After a walk in the group you can go, only if the vents and windows are closed.

3rd - what you can do (Green Card). To the third - hold hands on a walk ..

If you are systematically engaged with the baby, it is very soon, it will not only begin to perform non-slip exercises to save his own health, but also to straighten.

Thus, undergoing a result, it should be noted that «To impose all the blame» For the steady increase in the number of poor children on any particular factor, it is not possible. But at the same time, the development of formidable complications from frequently ill children should be identified in a timely manner (ChBD).

The main groups of drugs used by the ChBD

Since it happened that the baby lies with the temperature, you need to choose the most correct, rational and harmless treatment.

When you are visiting the district pediatrician because of the disease, do not be afraid to ask questions, try to tell as much as possible about how, where, when and why your baby fell ill. This and the doctor will facilitate the task, and the attitude towards you will be like a normal mom worried about the state of your child.

The difference in treatment often and long-friendly and ordinary children at first glance is not significant. And the fact is that not only often a pleasant baby needs gentle and timely treatment. Therefore, we equalize these concepts for a while and we will understand the general treatment of children as a certain social niche.

one. First, but, unfortunately, not always done by the task is Setting the right diagnosis. «What for?», - you ask. Nearby difference. Orvi, Orz, Ori, Flu. Treat all the same as the same. This can be heard very often.

The difference is that the child's body reacts in different ways to viruses and bacteria. Therefore, a general blood test is so important. Nobody, of course, does not invite you to go with a sick baby in a clinic, expose queues in the laboratory ... Now the network of so-called is quite well developed «Analyzes at home». Price - exactly as much as you spend on, as in the future it turns out, an unnecessary drug in the pharmacy. And plus big - immediately almost 70% the diagnosis will be known. It means that the treatment will be pattering the right.

2. Suppose that after all, blood test for some reason, we could not pass. Not trouble, we will use obviously effective spectrum of drugs.

Many parents know that the increase in temperature is due to the fact that the body at the initial stages of the disease is trying to deal with infection. The degree of rise in temperature depends on the magnitude of intoxication and the pathogenicity of the pathogen. At such a moment the body needs only in maintaining immunity and its own forces. After that, already trained it will be easier to cope with viruses and bacteria, without even resorting to increasing temperature. So it is so important to give him himself «defeat alien agent». But the negative side is the inability of the body in time to stop. And the temperature begins to grow.

I will start, perhaps with antipyretic means. Each mother should know and understand that not any temperature increase can be liquidated. Often sick children no exception.

Do not immediately grab the drugs. Your desire to help tormented baby is understandable and justified. But you do not need to forget that the medicine is the last method. Therefore, first use physical cooling methods (wiping with a wet napkin, picking ...).

Also worth distinguish the types of fever - white type and red. Everything is simple, the name speaks for itself. So, with a white type of fever, your baby is pale, dry skin, peeling, he often asks to drink and does not get off his hands. And do not drive!! Let him draw energy and protection in you. Pens and legs on the touch dry, cold. Need to warm. But, of course, not put it in a hot bath, but just wrap in a warm blanket. And be on worse, t.To. it's not a very good symptom.

If the karapuz is relatively vigor, red cheeks, hands-legs «Western fermented» - Lump it, wash wet gauze.

The use of antipyretic drugs in children who do not belong to the risk group are beginning only with an increase in body temperature of more than 38.5 degrees. The decrease in temperature of 38 degrees and above begin in children relating to the risk group.

What mean «Risk group»? This is a group of children who have in connection with the state of their health and in the presence of certain factors may fall (added) or to realize any disease. For example, all children born by cesarean sections are automatically entered into a risk group for the diseases of the central nervous system. I will give the most frequent pathology in which children belong to the risk group:

• Birth assessment on the apgar scale is less than 7 points;
• premature babies, especially those born with an extremely low mass of the body (less than 1500 g);
• the presence of senior brothers or sisters of convulsive seizures, epilepsy, other brain lesions;
• Made by Mother King or rubella during pregnancy;
• the presence of long-term arterial hypertension, which was aggravated during pregnancy (pregnancy gestosis);
• Epilepsy as a previously confirmed diagnosis at the kid himself;
• cramps that appeared when climbing temperature during past illness.

With all these states, the use of antipyretic drugs is already necessary.

So, I will give examples of the most well-studied drugs, well-being proven and related to the drugs of evidence-based medicine, t.E. repeatedly studied and proven.

Ibufen (Ibuprofen, Nurofen) and OKI (ketotifen, ketoprofen) To date, the most widely used drugs. They can be used the longest time. Akin to him the drug Naz, Also related to the NSAID group (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory funds).

Value of these drugs: antipyretic, light sedative (soothing) and anti-inflammatory effects.

As we accept: Ibufen at 5-10 mg per 1 kg of the child's mass at once (t.E. If the child weighs 10 kg, then we will give 50-100 mg) maximum 4 times a day. During the day it is possible to use no more than 30 mg per 1 kg of mass.

3. Antiviral drugs. So, our main «enemy and ally» In the face of increasing the temperature faced the collapse and now you need to think about how to treat so that not «heal»?

Many parents know that the increase in temperature is due to the fact that the body at the initial stages of the disease is trying to deal with infection. The degree of rise in temperature depends on the magnitude of intoxication and the pathogenicity of the pathogen. At such a moment the body needs only in maintaining immunity and its own forces. After which, already trained, it will be easier for it to cope with viruses and bacteria, without even resorting to temperature increase. So it is so important to give him himself «defeat alien agent». But the negative side is the inability of the body in time to stop. And the temperature begins to grow.

Here will have to return to the importance of analyzes. Yes, according to the resulting blood test result, you can think about whether or not to prescribe antiviral drugs. What for? Then, that the virus is insidious thing. And you need to influence it. Of the most frequently used antiviral drugs is Arbidol. Maybe once, at the very beginning, he had a strong activity. Or viruses were a bit different structure. His plus is the possibility of use in children from 2 years. But now Pediatricians refuse him. At this stage of combating viral diseases, good reviews get the drug Remantadin (Algire, Fluumadine), Having an effect on influenza A and ORVI unknown etiology.

As we accept: prevention for adults - 50 mg 1 time per day Daily within 10-15 days; Treatment for children 7-10 years old - 50 mg 2 times a day, 11-14 years old - 50 mg 3 times a day. Course 5 days. But there are contraindications: children under 7 years old, acute liver and kidney diseases, hyperthyroidism.

Another drug with antiviral activity and the treatment of ARVI is Tamiflu (oseltamivir).

As we accept: within 5 days according to the following scheme.

Next, we will pass on the main groups of drugs, which today are most often used in young children (up to 3 years) and often, and long-friendly kids.

4. Interferons. In typical and uncomplicated Ori, it should be quite rare. But having a baby with reduced immune protection, we can designate Wallferon or Viferon.

Walloferon is lymphoblastic natural interferon. Its only drawback - intramuscular administration.

As we use: 3 million meters 1 time per day, 7 days after 14, intramuscularly.

Viferon is a variant of recombinant interferon and has a large mass distribution. Produced in 3 versions: up to 7 years, for children 7-14 years and adults. But also has a not very convenient form of release - rectal suppositories (in practice there were parents, completely refused to introduce such a way), which in some way has the power, because any interference in the rectum leads to its irritation.

As we use: Children under 7 years old - prevention of 1 candle (150,000 meters) every day for 2 weeks, treatment 1 candle (150,000 meters) every day for 2 weeks. Children under 14 years old - for the same scheme, but the candles take 500 thousand. Me.

Dear reader Our site, interferon series drugs are not a way out of the situation, panacea, do not expect your baby will cease to hurt if you constantly use such drugs. Interferons - Preparations of choice with such severe diseases as cytomegalovirus infection, generalized herpes and etc.... This is just a way to help the child's body. Consequently, they should be used for their intended purpose in strict dosages.

five. Antibacterial therapy. «Painful» The question is like many parents and doctors. Conduct a conditional face: antimicrobial drugs act on microbes, microorganisms. But not for viruses. Consequently, their purpose should be strictly argued:

• children with the presence of bacterial complications (protracted bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia);
• Children having chronic foci of infection (tonsillites, sinusitis, urinary tract infection);
• if a mycoplasma or chlamydial infection is suspected;
• With severe forms of diseases in children of early age and often ill children due to the inability to eliminate participation in the process of bacterial flora.

So, as it was already voiced earlier, on the analysis of the blood, we can normally determine whether it is worth thinking about the reception of antibiotics. But, as practice shows, in most cases, often ill-suffering children have mixed mixing with intoxication. T.E. The virus is joined by bacterial flora and, assigning an antibiotic, we will not slip. And after the correct antibiotic, the improvement of the state should be observed with a moderate form the next day (the temperature will decrease significantly, the child can eat, and by the end of the day there will be cheerful and full of strength).

IMPORTANT: Parents often attempt to prescribe antibacterial therapy perceive «in bayonets»... and they are right, partly. Many believe that antibiotics - evil, and apply them to be in extreme situations. Yes they «Kill» both pathogenic microorganisms and their own, very necessary. But believe me, it's easier to re- «settle» good microflora than to be treated from sepsis or other no less terrible complications. If the baby is still tonsillitis in the background of the disease, it will begin to multiply staphylococcus, it will be a failure in its imperfect system, and any diseases, ranging from rheumatism and ending with myocarditis.

So, most often we use protected penicillins (amoxiclav, agginentin), as well as solutab (amoxicillin), gentamicin and Sumamed (azithromycin).

Amoxiclav (Augmentin) - It is used for the treatment of infections of the upper respiratory tract, light and urinary tract.

As we use: up to 1 year - drops 1 ml 3 times a day; up to 12 years - syrup or suspension 10 ml (0.156 g / 5 ml) or suspension Forte 5ml (0.312g / 5 ml) 3 times a day.

Flexin SOLUTAB (Amoxicillin, Ospamex) is the most common antimicrobial drug due to its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogens. Ease of use lies in the fact that very small children or a weakened tablet can be chopped in a teaspoon and dilute with a small amount of water. Has a little sweet taste.

As we use: Children up to 2 years 20 mg / kg per day for 3 receptions; Children from 2 to 5 years to 0.125 g 3 times a day; 5-10 years 0.25 g 3 times a day; Seniors (weighing more than 40 kg) are prescribed 0.5 g 3 times a day.

Symptomatic therapy

one. The longest symptom Colds All kids are constantly laid nose, separated from which can be the most different color.

In this regard, it is important to understand that the presence «Green snot» and exit, especially in the mornings of purulent green «traffic jams» - Pretty bad sign that must be treated. In most cases, the nasal is provoked 2 aspects. First, it is swelling of mucous nasal moves. And in 50% of cases it is allergic. Secondly, it is the growth of adenoid tissue, which simply overlaps the air and the baby and the baby does not remain anything as soon as breathing through the mouth. In this case, it is important not «Run» process and not promote its chronic.

«Green» snot speak most often about the mixing of viral and bacterial infection.

So, before choosing therapeutic drops, you need to decide on the basis. For what? In order to make the most free and expand the air paths. For this purpose, you can apply as special drugs (Aqua Maris), So the usual saline bought in the pharmacy.

Many parents comrades are advised «Easy» Washing all facial sinuses. This action must be said categorically no. And this is due primarily with the inconsistency of these most sinuses in the kids. Which in turn can lead to sinusitis, and to sinusitis.

It is enough to drip 2 drops of a solution into each nostril, while the head of the child should not slow down, otherwise the whole solution will fall into the throat together with bacteria. Let's wait a few minutes (the baby can be released to play) and then let him allers. You can rinse in a nurse, then the protective reaction of the body will make its own business ..

Now you can drip therapeutic drops. Here is the most well-recommended yourself: Nizivin (with age gradation) or Fazin, as well as Rinofluuimucil, Otrivin (Xylen, Olint), Pinosol. In most drugs, the mechanism of action is similar. Rinofluumucyl improves the normal secretion of the airway epithelial vocal, pinsol softens the mucous membrane, has a good healing effect.

This should include more creams and ointments against streptodermia, inevitably arising during a cold. These are red erosive spots around the nose. Their appearance is due to the fact that microorganisms penetrate the irritated skin into the ground, irritated skin together with the discharge of the nose. Local application of ointment will help Levomecol, Levomycenetic ointment, Cream rescuer.

2. The second group of symptomatic therapy is worth named Means used in throat pain, Freight, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity.

Let me remind you to readers our site that in children of early age (up to 3 years), the use of various sprays is a secret contraindication, t.To. Can cause allergic or thermal spasm of larynx and swelling.

So such kids we give various decoctions and infusions (quite suitable Decoration of flowers Romashek, series). Older children can be assigned Inhalipt, Tantuum Verde, Kameton, Hexoral... and apply standard: 1-2 injection up to 5 times a day, after which not to drink for 15 minutes).

It is also possible to use tableted preparations such as Faringosept (1 tablet to dissolve in the mouth up to 4 times a day), Strepsils, Falimint.

3. The third extensive group of drugs used to treat SMI symptoms, ORZs are Expectorant (Mulcolics and Bronnutators). These include preparations of plant origin and synthetic.

Vegetable: breast fees, bronchikum, root Altea, Mukaltin, Licode root, Gedelix and T.D.

When applying this group of drugs, it is important to take into account that weakened and often sick children often have atopic dermatitis or polystationism. Therefore, the use of her plant preparations is strictly limited. In addition, we also consider the fact that treatment with such means longer, relief and the result of action is not visible immediately.

Synthetic: Acetylcistein (ATSC), Fluedeite (Carbocysteine), Ambroben. A group of these drugs has a good expectorant action, regulates mukiciliary clearance, oppresses the effect of inflammatory mediators (which is important in children with allergic reactions).

4. A group of drugs that are of great importance from often ill and weakened children. This is Antihistamines. Distinguish 3 generations of this group, but for us the first two are practical.

First Group - Supratin, Tueguil, DiMedrol. Meaningful for them - this ability to penetrate the hematorecephalic barrier and thereby cause lightweight, sleeping pill effect. This is important among kids suffering from atopic dermatitis, accompanied by the itching of the skin. Take them according to schemes.

Second group - Claritin, Phenistil, Terfenadin. These drugs do not cause side effects in the idea of ​​drowsiness.

Third Group - Telfast and Zirtek.

So, the main groups of symptomatic drugs are considered, with the exception of specific treatment, in which children are needed with congenital string (noisy breathing through the nose), chronic allergic diseases and respiratory organs.

Restorative treatment

Treatment often and long-friendly children during periods of exacerbation, of course, is a very important task. But no less important is the recovery process, its planning and direction to extend the period of remission.

The basis of such treatment is therapeutic and security regime, diet, healing physical culture, massage and physiotherapy.

• Medical and security. Implies the exclusion of classes and games leading to the overwork and excitation of the child, as well as the maximum restriction on stressful situations. Sleep durations increase by 1 hour, add a mandatory daytime sleep or rest, in a wrapped room.
• Rational diet, which is directed not to reduce the mass of the baby, but on the contrary, should be a full-fledged balanced in the main food ingredients. Daily fruits, vegetables, berries.
• Specially designed Medical Physical Culture Complexes. This is the morning gymnastics, fresh air. Physical education provides a good bronchi drainage function, an increase in body resistance.
• Massage - General, classic chest massage with elements of stroking, rubbing, kneading, vibration. Courses are held for 14 days every 2-4 times a year.
• Hardening - Conducting in the period of remission with a gradual increase in intensity, systematically and consistently using continuity, contrast.
• Physiotherapy, aimed at the sanitation of chronic infections during remission. Use climatotherapy with aerotherapy, heliotherapy, balneotherapy.